ArticleAddictive behaviors2016
Gender differences in cannabis use disorder treatment: Change readiness and taking steps predict worse cannabis outcomes for women.
Article in Addictive behaviors, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacotherapies for cannabis use disorder.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of sex differences in cannabis use disorder amongst people with comorbid mental illness.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2021Pooled it
- Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Acceptability, Feasibility, and Outcome Responsiveness of the Joint Effort Mobile App for Promoting Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Among Young Adults: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026Trial
- A web-based episodic specificity and future thinking session modulates delay discounting in cannabis users.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2020Trial
- Exogenous progesterone for cannabis withdrawal in women: Feasibility trial of a novel multimodal methodology.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2019Trial
- Readiness to change and therapy outcomes of an innovative psychotherapy program for surgical patients: results from a randomized controlled trial.BMC psychiatry · 2017Trial
- Gender differences among treatment-seeking adults with cannabis use disorder: Clinical profiles of women and men enrolled in the achieving cannabis cessation-evaluating N-acetylcysteine treatment (ACCENT) study.The American journal on addictions · 2017Trial
- The effectiveness of psychological interventions delivered by health professionals for adult cannabis use in community settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- A study on the effects of addiction level, stress, and social support of drug relapse patients on changes in motivation of quiting substance misuse behaviors.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Predictors of effective therapy among individuals with Cannabis Use Disorder: a review of the literature.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Review
- Extending Gender- and Sex-Based Analyses in Cannabis Research: Findings from an Online Sample of Gender Diverse Young Adult Consumers.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2024Article
- A Personalized Intervention to Increase Environmental Health Literacy and Readiness to Change in a Northern Nevada Population: Effects of Environmental Chemical Exposure Report-Back.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Adolescent Gender Identity, Sexual Orientation, and Cannabis Use: Potential Mediations by Internalizing Disorder Risk.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2021Article
- Precision Mental Health Care for Cannabis Use Disorder: Utility of a bioSocial Cognitive Theory to Inform Treatment.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Review
- Cannabis use, problem-gambling severity, and psychiatric disorders: Data from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2020Article
- Cannabis Withdrawal: A Review of Neurobiological Mechanisms and Sex Differences.Current addiction reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionGender differences in cannabis use and cannabis use disorder have been established. Regarding treatment, some evidence suggests that women are less responsive, though the mechanisms are not well understood. Motivation to change and self-efficacy are associated with better outcomes overall, and may help explain gender differences in cannabis use outcomes.
methodsA secondary data analysis of a double-blind placebo controlled trial of buspirone treatment for cannabis dependence (N=175) was conducted. Self-report assessments of motivation to change, self-efficacy, and other clinical correlates were completed at baseline, and cannabis use was measured throughout the study.
resultsThere was a significant interaction between gender and taking steps on abstinence. Counter to hypothesis, higher taking steps reduced likelihood of achieving abstinence among women; there was no association among men. Subsequently, taking steps was associated with self-efficacy and quantity of use among men, and cannabis related problems among women. There was a significant interaction between gender and readiness to change on creatinine adjusted cannabinoid levels. Change readiness was positively associated with cannabinoid levels among women, but not men.
conclusionsMotivation to change and initiation of change behavior predict worse cannabis outcomes in women. Men and women differ in what motivates change behavior. Social desirability, neurobiology, and treatment type may impact these effects. Gender differences in cannabis use and treatment responsiveness must be considered in future studies.
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Registered trials
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