SynthesisJournal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology2016
Respiratory viral coinfection and disease severity in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 107 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
107 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prevalence of common respiratory viruses of infants with respiratory tract infections in European countries in the past decade: a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing between the pre-COVID-19, pandemic, and post-COVID-19 periods.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Clinical Severity and Co-Infection of Human Adenovirus With Other Respiratory Pathogens in Children.Journal of medical virology · 2025Pooled it
- Respiratory syncytial virus disease burden in children and adults from Latin America: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- The role of viral co-infections in the severity of acute respiratory infections among children infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV): A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2020Pooled it
- Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Following Respiratory Syncytial Virus Monoclonal Antibody Nirsevimab Immunization Versus Placebo: Analysis From a Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial (MELODY).Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Trial
- Increased respiratory pathogen positivity and diversity in hospitalized children following the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia.New microbes and new infections · 2026Article
- Respiratory Pathogen Co-Detection in Hospitalized Infants with Bronchiolitis and Implementation of Universal Nirsevimab Immunoprophylaxis: A Six-Year Observational Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Seasonal Distribution, Virus-Specific Hematologic Profiles, and Predictors of Hospitalization in Children with Respiratory Viral Infections.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Age- and Virus-Composition-Aware Interpretation of Respiratory Viral Co-Detection Using Same-Day C-Reactive Protein Profiles: A 2008-2024 Multiplex PCR Laboratory Cohort Study.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Acute Respiratory Tract Infections and Severe Disease Among Hospitalized Children.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Impact of Respiratory Viral Codetections on RSV Disease Burden in Young Children in Primary Care.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- Respiratory pathogen epidemiology in the post-pandemic era: a multicenter retrospective study from Saudi Arabia.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Prevalence, characteristics and outcomes of respiratory viral co-infection among hospitalized children.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Article
- High rates of viral co-detection in outpatient children with acute respiratory infections after the easing of preventive measures against Covid-19 in Germany.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Observational
- Ordinary differential equation models of SARS-CoV-2 replication dynamics and antiviral drug efficacies.Npj viruses · 2026Review
- Two-season effectiveness of a single nirsevimab dose against RSV hospitalisation in healthy term-born infants: a population-based case-control study, Spain, October 2023 to March 2025.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- Article
- Pathogen and Patient Characteristics and the Severity of Viral Respiratory Infections in Children.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Age-related heterogeneity in diagnosis-coded pediatricFrontiers in public health · 2026Article
47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWith advent of molecular diagnostic technologies, studies have reported detection of two or more respiratory viruses in about 30% of children with respiratory infections. However, prognostic role of coinfection remains unclear.
objectiveEvaluate relation between respiratory viral confection and illness severity in children. STUDY
designMEDLINE (through PUBMED), EMBASE, EBSCO, LILACS databases were searched up to March 2015 by two independent reviewers. Studies assessing severity of viral coinfection in patients aged less than 18 years were included. Standardized forms were used for data extraction of population, study design, clinical syndromes, virus combinations compared and severity outcomes. Risk of bias and quality of evidence were assessed through EPHPP and GRADE. Subgroup analysis was performed according to age and viral combinations.
resultsOf 5218 records screened, 43 were included in analysis. Viral coinfection did not influence risks of all outcomes assessed: length of stay (mean difference in days in coinfection, -0.10 [95% confidence interval: -0.51 to 0.31]), length of supplemental oxygen (-0.42 [-1.05 to 0.20]), need of hospitalization (odds ratio of coinfection, 0.96 [95% confidence interval: 0.61-1.51]), supplemental oxygen (0.94 [0.66 to 1.34]), need of intensive care (0.99 [0.64 to 1.54]), mechanical ventilation (0.81 [0.33 to 2.01]) and death (2.22 [0.83 to 5.95]). Sub-analyses according to age and viral combinations have not shown influence of these factors in outcomes.
conclusionsRespiratory viral coinfection did not increase severity in all outcomes assessed. Further studies are necessary to confirm this finding, especially regarding role of specific viral interactions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.