SynthesisOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA2016
The effects of weight loss approaches on bone mineral density in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Synthesis in Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of macro- and micronutrient intake on bone mineral density, osteoporotic fracture risk, inflammation, and functional rehabilitation outcomes in orthopedic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Does exercise affect bone mineral density and content when added to a calorie-restricted diet? A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of a Plant-Based Multi-StrainNutrients · 2026Trial
- The effects of time-restricted eating and weight loss on bone metabolism and health: a 6-month randomized controlled trial.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Effects of a Randomized Weight Loss Intervention Trial in Obese Adolescents on Tibia and Radius Bone Geometry and Volumetric Density.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2018Trial
- Identification of Hip BMD Loss and Fracture Risk Markers Through Population-Based Serum Proteomics.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Effects of a Combined Dietary and Physical Activity Intervention on Bone Density, Lean Mass and Fat Mass in Adults: The GOTO Trial.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2026Article
- Does time spent upright moderate the influence of a weighted vest on change in bone mineral density during weight loss among older adults? A secondary analysis of the INVEST in bone health randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in aging · 2026Article
- Bone Health Following Lifestyle-Induced Weight Loss in Individuals With Overweight/Obesity: A Narrative Review.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Review
- Weight loss induced bone loss: mechanism of action and clinical implications.Bone research · 2025Review
- Are we giving too much weight to lean mass loss?Molecular metabolism · 2025Review
- Potential downsides of calorie restriction.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Unintended Consequences of Obesity Pharmacotherapy: A Nutritional Approach to Ensuring Better Patient Outcomes.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Weight Loss, but Not at Any Cost: Risks and Challenges in Patients with Osteoarthritis.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2025Review
- Effects of Anti-Obesity Strategies on Bone Mineral Density: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- The Impact of Obesity Treatments on Bone Health: Insights from Recent Research.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
unlabelledWe assessed the impact of weight loss strategies including calorie restriction and exercise training on BMD in adults using a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Weight reduction results in reduced BMD at the hip, but has less effect on the spine. Both calorie restriction and a combination of calorie restriction and exercise result in a decrease in hip bone density, whereas weight loss response to exercise training without dietary restriction leads to increased hip BMD.
introductionFindings are not consistent on the effect of weight loss on bone mineral density (BMD). We conducted a systematic review on the randomized controlled trials to assess the effect of weight loss strategies, including calorie restriction and exercise programs on BMD in adults.
methodsA structured and comprehensive search of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was undertaken up to March 2016. Study-specific mean differences (MD) were pooled using a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were used to find possible sources of between-study heterogeneity.
resultsThirty-two randomized controlled trials met predetermined inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed no significant difference on total BMD (MD 0.007, 95 % CI -0.020-0.034, p = 0.608). In contrast, the pooled data of studies showed a significant effect of weight loss on hip BMD (MD -0.008, 95 % CI -0.09 to -0.006 g/cm(2), p < 0.001) and also lumbar spine BMD (MD -0.018 g/cm(2), 95 % CI -0.019 to -0.017, p < 0.001). BMD in the hip site decreased after more than 4 months, especially in those who were obese. Moreover, calorie restriction interventions longer than 13 months showed a significant decreased in lumbar spine BMD.
conclusionWeight loss led to significant decreases at the hip and lumbar spine BMD but not at the total. Weight loss response following calorie restriction resulted in a decrease in hip and lumbar spine bone density especially more than 1 year; whereas an exercise-induced weight loss did not.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.