ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2016
Associations between Repeated Measures of Maternal Urinary Phthalate Metabolites and Thyroid Hormone Parameters during Pregnancy.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association Between Diethylhexyl Phthalate Exposure and Thyroid Function: A Meta-Analysis.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2019Pooled it
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- The association of early pregnancy, particularly persistent isolated maternal hypothyroxinemia, with adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Pregnant women's knowledge, attitude, and practice toward food preservatives: a cross-sectional study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Gestational phthalate exposure and behavioral problems in preschool-aged children with increased likelihood of autism spectrum disorder.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2025Article
- Endocrine Disruptors in Pregnancy: Effects on Mothers and Fetuses-A Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Association of diethylhexyl phthalate exposure with serum thyroid hormone levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis.American journal of translational research · 2024Review
- Exposure of preterm neonates receiving total parenteral nutrition to phthalates and its impact on neurodevelopment at the age of 2 months.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Phenol and Phthalate Effects on Thyroid Hormone Levels during Pregnancy: Relying onEnvironmental health perspectives · 2022Article
- Prenatal phthalates, gestational weight gain, and long-term weight changes among Mexican women.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Plasticizers: negative impacts on the thyroid hormone system.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Review
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- Mediation by hormone concentrations on the associations between repeated measures of phthalate mixture exposure and timing of delivery.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2022Article
- Identification of profiles and determinants of maternal pregnancy urinary biomarkers of phthalates and replacements in the Illinois Kids Development Study.Environment international · 2022Article
- A Correlational Analysis of Phthalate Exposure and Thyroid Hormone Levels in Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY: Pregnancy exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals: implications for women's health.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2021Review
- Pregnancy exposure to common-detect organophosphate esters and phthalates and maternal thyroid function.The Science of the total environment · 2021Article
- Gestational Phthalate Exposure and Preschool Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Norway.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2021Article
- Associations of gestational phthalate exposure and non-nutritive suck among infants from the Puerto Rico Testsite for Exploring Contamination Threats (PROTECT) birth cohort study.Environment international · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMaintaining thyroid homeostasis during pregnancy is essential for normal fetal growth and development. Growing evidence suggests that phthalates interfere with normal thyroid function. Few human studies have investigated the degree to which phthalates may affect thyroid hormone levels in particularly susceptible populations such as pregnant women.
objectivesWe examined the associations between repeated measures of urinary phthalate metabolites and plasma thyroid hormone levels in samples collected at up to four time points per subject in pregnancy. Additionally, we investigated the potential windows of susceptibility to thyroid hormone disturbances related to study visit of sample collection.
methodsData were obtained from pregnant women (n = 439) participating in a nested case-control study of preterm birth with 116 cases and 323 controls. We measured 9 phthalate metabolite concentrations in urine samples collected at up to four study visits per subject during pregnancy (median = 10, 18, 26, and 35 weeks of gestation, respectively). We also measured a panel of thyroid function markers in plasma collected at the same four time points per subject during pregnancy.
resultsAlthough our results were generally null, in repeated measures analyses we observed that phthalate metabolites were largely inversely associated with thyrotropin and positively associated with free and total thyroid hormones. Cross-sectional analyses by study visit revealed that the magnitude and/or direction of these relationships varied by timing of exposure during gestation.
conclusionsThese results support previous reports showing the potential for environmental phthalate exposure to alter circulating levels of thyroid hormones in pregnant women. Citation: Johns LE, Ferguson KK, McElrath TF, Mukherjee B, Meeker JD. 2016. Associations between repeated measures of maternal urinary phthalate metabolites and thyroid hormone parameters during pregnancy. Environ Health Perspect 124:1808-1815; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP170.
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