ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2016
Impact of school-entry and education mandates by states on HPV vaccination coverage: Analysis of the 2009-2013 National Immunization Survey-Teen.
Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Area-Level Variation and Human Papillomavirus Vaccination among Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States: A Systematic Review.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Improving vaccination uptake among adolescents.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- A comprehensive review of HPV vaccination policies in the United States.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Implementing a School-Entry Mandate for the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: Benefits and Challenges.Cureus · 2024Review
- Perceptions of a State-Level HPV Vaccine Mandate and Exemption Option in Rural Virginia: A Qualitative Study.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Assessment of human papillomavirus vaccination rates of adolescents in California, 2018-2019.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Barriers to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among young adults, aged 18-35.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Article
- Human papillomavirus vaccine initiation and up-to-date vaccine coverage for adolescents after the implementation of school-entry policy in Puerto Rico.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- A brief educational intervention can improve nursing students' knowledge of the human papillomavirus vaccine and readiness to counsel.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- School-entry requirements for HPV vaccination: part of the patchwork for HPV-related cancer prevention.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- Content analysis of digital media coverage of the human papillomavirus vaccine school-entry requirement policy in Puerto Rico.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Use of patient navigators to increase HPV vaccination rates in a pediatric clinical population.Preventive medicine reports · 2020Article
- The impact of school-entry mandates on social inequalities in human papillomavirus vaccination.SSM - population health · 2020Article
- Association Between Human Papillomavirus Vaccination School-Entry Requirements and Vaccination Initiation.JAMA pediatrics · 2020Article
- Patterns and Disparities in Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Uptake for Young Female Adolescents among U.S. States: NIS-Teen (2008-2016).Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2020Article
- Impact of school-entry vaccination requirement changes on clinical practice implementation and adolescent vaccination rates in metropolitan Philadelphia.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Article
- Perspectives on state vaccine education mandate policy and implementation among public health department officials: a qualitative study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Article
- Association of State Legislation of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination with Vaccine Uptake Among Adolescents in the United States.Journal of community health · 2020Article
- Determinants of Meningococcal ACWY vaccination in adolescents in the US: completion and compliance with the CDC recommendations.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Article
- A multilevel analysis of factors influencing the inaccuracy of parental reports of adolescent HPV vaccination status.Vaccine · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the effectiveness of existing school entry and education mandates on HPV vaccination coverage, we compared coverage among girls residing in states and jurisdictions with and without education and school-entry mandates. Virginia and the District of Columbia enacted school entry mandates, though both laws included liberal opt-out provisions. Ten additional states had mandates requiring distribution of education to parents or provision of education within school curricula.
methodsUsing data from the National Immunization Survey-Teen from 2009-2013, we estimated multilevel logistic regression models to compare coverage with HPV vaccines for girls ages 13-17 residing in states and jurisdictions with and without school entry and education mandates, adjusting for demographic factors, healthcare access, and provider recommendation.
resultsGirls residing in states and jurisdictions with HPV vaccine school entry mandates (DC and VA) and education mandates (LA, MI, CO, IN, IA, IL, NJ, NC, TX, and WA) did not have higher HPV vaccine series initiation or completion than those living in states without mandates for any year (2009-2013). Similar results were seen when comparing girls ages 13-14 to those ages 15-17, and after adjustment for known covariates of vaccination.
conclusionsStates and jurisdictions with school-entry and education mandates do not currently have higher HPV vaccination coverage than states without such legislation. Liberal opt-out language in existing school entry mandates may weaken their impact. Policy-makers contemplating legislation to improve vaccination coverage should be aware of the limitations of existing mandates.
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