ArticleSSM - population health2016
Racial Disparities in Poverty Account for Mortality Differences in US Medicare Beneficiaries.
Article in SSM - population health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations of neighborhood deprivation with breast cancer tumor genomics, targeted treatment use, and survival.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2026Observational
- Contribution of chronic conditions to mortality: Differences by race and ethnicity.Aging and health research · 2025Article
- Opioid Prescriptions for US Patients Undergoing Long-Term Dialysis or with Kidney Transplant from 2011 to 2020.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2025Article
- Brain-body pathways linking racism and health.The American psychologist · 2022Article
- The Contribution of Chronic Conditions to Hospitalization, Skilled Nursing Facility Admission, and Death: Variation by Race.American journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- The Effect of Public Healthcare Expenditure on the Reduction in Mortality Rates Caused by Unhealthy Habits among the Population.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Exit Rates of Accountable Care Organizations That Serve High Proportions of Beneficiaries of Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups.JAMA health forum · 2022Observational
- Article
- Differences in patient perceptions of integrated care among black, hispanic, and white Medicare beneficiaries.Health services research · 2021Article
- Poverty, Racism, and the Public Health Crisis in America.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
- Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Atrial Fibrillation Treatment and Outcomes among Dialysis Patients in the United States.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2020Article
- Rationale and design of a multicenter Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and at-risk for CKD electronic health records-based registry: CURE-CKD.BMC nephrology · 2019Article
- Association of Race and Poverty With Mortality Among Nursing Home Residents on Maintenance Dialysis.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2019Article
- The relationship between parks and recreation per capita spending and mortality from 1980 to 2010: A fixed effects model.Preventive medicine reports · 2019Article
- Medication adherence, costs, and ER visits of nurse practitioner and primary care physician patients: Evidence from three cohorts of Medicare beneficiaries.Health services research · 2019Article
- How do we assess a racial disparity in health? Distribution, interaction, and interpretation in epidemiological studies.Annals of epidemiology · 2019Article
- Regional variation in racial disparities among patients with peripheral artery disease.Journal of vascular surgery · 2018Article
- Opioid Prescription, Morbidity, and Mortality in US Transplant Recipients.Transplantation · 2018Article
- Opioid Prescription, Morbidity, and Mortality in United States Dialysis Patients.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2017Article
- Risk of Pathological Upgrading and Up Staging among Men with Low Risk Prostate Cancer Varies by Race: Results from the National Cancer Database.The Journal of urology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Higher mortality in Blacks than Whites has been consistently reported in the US, but previous investigations have not accounted for poverty at the individual level. The health of its population is an important part of the capital of a nation. We examined the association between individual level poverty and disability and racial mortality differences in a 5% Medicare beneficiary random sample from 2004 to 2010. Cox regression models examined associations of race with all-cause mortality, adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, disability, neighborhood income, and Medicare "Buy-in" status (a proxy for individual level poverty) in 1,190,510 Black and White beneficiaries between 65 and 99 years old as of January 1, 2014, who had full and primary Medicare Part A and B coverage in 2004, and lived in one of the 50 states or Washington DC. Overall, black beneficiaries had higher sex-and-age adjusted mortality than Whites (hazard ratio [HR] 1.18). Controlling for health-related measures and disability reduced the HR for Black beneficiaries to 1.03. Adding "Buy-in" as an individual level covariate lowered the HR for Black beneficiaries to 0.92. Neither of the residential measures added to the predictive model. We conclude that poorer health status, excess disability, and most importantly, greater poverty among Black beneficiaries accounts for racial mortality differences in the aged US Medicare population. Poverty fosters social and health inequalities, including mortality disparities, notwithstanding national health insurance for the US elderly. Controlling for individual level poverty, in contrast to the common use of area level poverty in previous analyses, accounts for the White survival advantage in Medicare beneficiaries, and should be a covariate in analyses of administrative databases.
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