ArticleAnnals of biomedical engineering2016
Males have Inferior Achilles Tendon Material Properties Compared to Females in a Rodent Model.
Article in Annals of biomedical engineering, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structural Variations of Tendons: A Systematic Search and Narrative Review of Histological Differences Between Tendons, Tendon Regions, Sex, and Age.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2025Pooled it
- Diagnostic performance of dual-energy Rho/Z CT and cinematic rendering in Achilles tendon rupture: a prospective multi-reader study.Skeletal radiology · 2026Article
- Estrogen and Progesterone Exhibit Distinct Yet Coordinated Roles in the Regulation of Tendon Extracellular Matrix Remodeling.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2026Article
- Early adaptive and late degenerative tendon response to overload in rat model of synergist ablation.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- Achilles Tendon Surgical Repair Partially Restores Early Plantar Flexor Structure and Function in a Rat Model.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2025Article
- Estrogen and progesterone exhibit distinct yet coordinated roles in the regulation of tendon extracellular matrix remodeling.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Moderate- and High-Speed Treadmill Running Exercise Have Minimal Impact on Rat Achilles Tendon.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2025Article
- Effects of Speed, Orthosis, and Load on Calf Muscle Electromyography Signal During Treadmill Walking.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Long-Term Effects of Reproduction and Lactation on the Rat Supraspinatus Tendon and Proximal Humerus.Journal of biomechanical engineering · 2024Article
- Retrospective multicentre evaluation of common calcaneal tendon injuries in 66 cats. Part 1: study population, injury specification and classification.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2023Article
- Nonsurgical treatment reduces tendon inflammation and elevates tendon markers in early healing.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2022Article
- Regulators of collagen crosslinking in developing and adult tendons.European cells & materials · 2022Review
- Achilles Tendon Ruptures in Middle-Aged Rats Heal Poorly Compared With Those in Young and Old Rats.The American journal of sports medicine · 2022Article
- Modulation of vascular response after injury in the rat Achilles tendon alters healing capacity.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2021Article
- Limited Scar Resection for Chronic Achilles Tendon Repair: Use of a Rat Model.The American journal of sports medicine · 2021Article
- Comparison between dry needling and focused ultrasound on the mechanical properties of the rat Achilles tendon: A pilot study.Journal of biomechanics · 2021Article
- A Maternal High Fat Diet Leads to Sex-Specific Programming of Mechanical Properties in Supraspinatus Tendons of Adult Rat Offspring.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Article
- Onset of neonatal locomotor behavior and the mechanical development of Achilles and tail tendons.Journal of biomechanics · 2019Article
- Tendons from kangaroo rats are exceptionally strong and tough.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Biomaterials to Mimic and Heal Connective Tissues.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The Achilles tendon is the most commonly ruptured tendon in the human body. Numerous studies have reported incidence of these injuries to be upwards of five times as common in men than women. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the sex- and hormone-specific differences between Achilles tendon and muscle between female, ovariectomized female (ovarian hormone deficient), and male rats. Uninjured tissues were collected from all groups for mechanical, structural, and histological analysis. Our results showed that while cross-sectional area and failure load were increased in male tendons, female tendons exhibited superior tendon material properties and decreased muscle fiber size. Specifically, linear and dynamic moduli were increased while viscoelastic properties (e.g., hysteresis, percent relaxation) were decreased in female tendons, suggesting greater resistance to deformation under load and more efficient energy transfer, respectively. No differences were identified in tendon organization, cell shape, cellularity, or proteoglycan content. Additionally, no differences in muscle fiber type distribution were observed between groups. In conclusion, inferior tendon mechanical properties and increased muscle fiber size may explain the increased susceptibility for Achilles tendon injury observed clinically in men compared to women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.