Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27149926›Full record

ReviewChemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry2016

The Physics and Physical Chemistry of Molecular Machines.

R Dean Astumian, Shayantani Mukherjee, Arieh Warshel

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
70citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

70 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Recent Advancements in Information Ratchet Design.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Catalysis-driven Active Transport Across a Liquid Membrane.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. On the Control of Directionality of Myosin.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2024
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Excited State Dynamics in Unidirectional Photochemical Molecular Motors.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2024
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Ratcheting synthesis.Nature reviews. Chemistry · 2024
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

R Dean AstumianDepartment of Physics, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA. Astumian@maine.edu.ORCID 0000-0001-7472-187X
Shayantani MukherjeeDepartment of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. shayantm@usc.edu.
Arieh WarshelDepartment of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. warshel@usc.edu.

Funding

Mechanistic Analysis of Pol Beta and Cancer-Associated MutantsU19CA105010 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI GOODMAN, MYRON · 2004 to 2012
$9.8M
THEORETICAL STUDIES OF ENZYMATIC REACTIONSR01GM024492 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI WARSHEL, ARIEH · 1985 to 2017
$5.0M
COMPUTER SIMULATION OF ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONSR01GM040283 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI WARSHEL, ARIEH · 1988 to 2016
$4.2M
SV40 T Antigen Structure and Helicase MechanismsR01AI055926 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI CHEN, XIAOJIANG S · 2004 to 2013
$4.0M
NCI NIH HHS U19 CA105010NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI055926NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM024492NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM040283
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The concept of a "power stroke"-a free-energy releasing conformational change-appears in almost every textbook that deals with the molecular details of muscle, the flagellar rotor, and many other biomolecular machines. Here, it is shown by using the constraints of microscopic reversibility that the power stroke model is incorrect as an explanation of how chemical energy is used by a molecular machine to do mechanical work. Instead, chemically driven molecular machines operating under thermodynamic constraints imposed by the reactant and product concentrations in the bulk function as information ratchets in which the directionality and stopping torque or stopping force are controlled entirely by the gating of the chemical reaction that provides the fuel for the machine. The gating of the chemical free energy occurs through chemical state dependent conformational changes of the molecular machine that, in turn, are capable of generating directional mechanical motions. In strong contrast to this general conclusion for molecular machines driven by catalysis of a chemical reaction, a power stroke may be (and often is) an essential component for a molecular machine driven by external modulation of pH or redox potential or by light. This difference between optical and chemical driving properties arises from the fundamental symmetry difference between the physics of optical processes, governed by the Bose-Einstein relations, and the constraints of microscopic reversibility for thermally activated processes.

Indexed as

EnzymesThermodynamicsMicroscopyEnzymesBrownian motorsenergy landscapesinformation ratchetmicroscopic reversibilitymolecular machines

Identifiers

PMID27149926
PMCPMC5518708

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.