SynthesisAIDS (London, England)2016
Effectiveness and safety of oral HIV preexposure prophylaxis for all populations.
Synthesis in AIDS (London, England), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 561 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
561 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of Integrating HIV Oral Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) and Family Planning: A Systematic Review of Initial Implementation Efforts in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.AIDS and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Canadian guideline on HIV pre- and postexposure prophylaxis: 2025 update.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2025Guideline
- Guideline
- Performance of Adherence Measures for Oral, Tenofovir-Based HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis: A Systematic Review.AIDS and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- HIV Prevention Product Acceptability and Preference Among Women in Sub-Saharan Africa to Inform Novel Biomedical Options in Development: A Systematic Review.AIDS and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Interventions to Improve Adherence to Oral Pre-exposure Prophylaxis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2024Pooled it
- Low clinical impact of HIV drug resistance mutations in oral pre-exposure prophylaxis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.AIDS research and therapy · 2024Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Implementation Research on Determinants and Strategies of Effective HIV Interventions for Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States.Annual review of psychology · 2024Pooled it
- Systematic review and individual-patient-data meta-analysis of non-invasive fibrosis markers for chronic hepatitis B in Africa.Nature communications · 2023Pooled it
- Islatravir distribution in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and mucosal tissues after monthly oral dosing.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Trial
- Qualitative Insights on Client and Provider Barriers and Facilitators to Using a Novel Online HIV Pre- and Post-Exposure Delivery Model in Kenya.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Trial
- Overcoming the HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Uptake Barrier With A Health Action Process Approach and Conditional Economic Incentives Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in 3 Chinese Cities: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Trial
- PrEP and Contraceptive Persistence Among Young Women Receiving Sexual and Reproductive Health Services Through Hair Salons in South Africa.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026Trial
- Evaluating adherence in an active-controlled HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis trial (PrEPVacc) to inform the estimation of HIV incidence in a counterfactual placebo arm.HIV research & clinical practice · 2025Trial
- Pharmacokinetics Analysis of Serum and Rectal Tissue Concentrations of a Pair of Anti-HIV Monoclonal Antibodies, VRC01 and VRC01LS, in Adults Without HIV.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Leveraging infant visit PrEP screening INtegration & tasK shifting to improve post-partum HIV prevention in Malawi (LINK): a cluster-randomized trial evaluation of a postpartum HIV prevention package among breastfeeding women in Malawi.BMC health services research · 2025Trial
- Safety and drug quantification of the dapivirine vaginal ring and oral pre-exposure prophylaxis in breastfeeding mother-infant pairs (MTN-043): a phase 3B, open-label, randomised trial.The lancet. HIV · 2025Trial
- Acceptability of six-monthly PrEP dispensing supported with interim HIV self-testing to simplify PrEP delivery in Kenya: findings from qualitative research.BMC health services research · 2024Trial
- Correlates of Adherence to Oral and Vaginal Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women (AGYW) Participating in the MTN-034/REACH Trial.AIDS and behavior · 2024Trial
501 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePreexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) offers a promising new approach to HIV prevention. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the evidence for use of oral PrEP containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate as an additional HIV prevention strategy in populations at substantial risk for HIV based on HIV acquisition, adverse events, drug resistance, sexual behavior, and reproductive health outcomes.
designRigorous systematic review and meta-analysis.
methodsA comprehensive search strategy reviewed three electronic databases and conference abstracts through April 2015. Pooled effect estimates were calculated using random-effects meta-analysis.
resultsEighteen studies were included, comprising data from 39 articles and six conference abstracts. Across populations and PrEP regimens, PrEP significantly reduced the risk of HIV acquisition compared with placebo. Trials with PrEP use more than 70% demonstrated the highest PrEP effectiveness (risk ratio = 0.30, 95% confidence interval: 0.21-0.45, P < 0.001) compared with placebo. Trials with low PrEP use did not show a significantly protective effect. Adverse events were similar between PrEP and placebo groups. More cases of drug-resistant HIV infection were found among PrEP users who initiated PrEP while acutely HIV-infected, but incidence of acquiring drug-resistant HIV during PrEP use was low. Studies consistently found no association between PrEP use and changes in sexual risk behavior. PrEP was not associated with increased pregnancy-related adverse events or hormonal contraception effectiveness.
conclusionPrEP is protective against HIV infection across populations, presents few significant safety risks, and there is no evidence of behavioral risk compensation. The effective and cost-effective use of PrEP will require development of best practices for fostering uptake and adherence among people at substantial HIV risk.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.