ArticlePloS one2016
G1-4A, a Polysaccharide from Tinospora cordifolia Inhibits the Survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Modulating Host Immune Responses in TLR4 Dependent Manner.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Bean-Derived Soluble Dietary Fibers on Macrophage Function In Vitro.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Isolation of a nanobody specific to the PstS-1 protein and evaluation of its immunoreactivity with structural components ofFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Exploring the Medicinal and Nutraceutical Frontiers ofCurrent topics in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Repurposed Drugs and Plant-Derived Natural Products as Potential Host-Directed Therapeutic Candidates for Tuberculosis.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Review
- Unveiling Various Facades ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Review
- Medicinal Plants as Therapeutic Alternatives to CombatAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Macrophage targeted polymeric curcumin nanoparticles limit intracellular survival ofFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- An exhaustive comprehension of the role of herbal medicines in Pre- and Post-COVID manifestations.Journal of ethnopharmacology · 2022Review
- Advances in adjunct therapy against tuberculosis: Deciphering the emerging role of phytochemicals.MedComm · 2021Review
- Host-directed therapy to combat mycobacterial infections.Immunological reviews · 2021Review
- Antimycobacterial Activity and Safety Profile Assessment ofEvidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2018Article
- Immune-Stimulatory and Therapeutic Activity ofJournal of immunology research · 2017Article
- Genus Tinospora: Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2016Review
- Humoral immune and adjuvant responses of mucosally-administered Tinospora cordifolia immunomodulatory protein in BALB/c mice.Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rapid emergence of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a major health concern and demands the development of novel adjunct immunotherapeutic agents capable of modulating the host immune responses in order to control the pathogen. In the present study, we sought to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of G1-4A, a polysaccharide derived from the Indian medicinal plant Tinospora cordifolia, in in-vitro and aerosol mouse models of MTB infection. G1-4A treatment of MTB infected RAW264.7 macrophages significantly induced the surface expression of MHC-II and CD-86 molecules, secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-β, IL-6, IL-12, IFN-γ) and nitric oxide leading to reduced intracellular survival of both drug sensitive (H37Rv) as well as multi drug resistant strains (Beijing and LAM) of MTB, which was partially attributed to G1-4A induced NO production in TLR4-MyD88 dependent manner. Similarly, bacillary burden was significantly reduced in the lungs of MTB infected BALB/c mice treated with G1-4A, with simultaneous up-regulation of the expression of TNF-α, INF-γ and NOS2 in the mouse lung along with increased levels of Th1 cytokines like IFN-γ, IL-12 and decreased levels of Th2 cytokine like IL-4 in the serum. Furthermore, combination of G1-4A with Isoniazid (INH) exhibited better protection against MTB compared to that due to INH or G1-4A alone, suggesting its potential as adjunct therapy. Our results demonstrate that modulation of host immune responses by G1-4A might improve the therapeutic efficacy of existing anti-tubercular drugs and provide an attractive strategy for the development of alternative therapies to control tuberculosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.