Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27147867›Full record

ArticleOpen access emergency medicine : OAEM2013

End-tidal arterial CO2 partial pressure gradient in patients with severe hypercapnia undergoing noninvasive ventilation.

Vito Defilippis, Davide D'Antini, Gilda Cinnella, Michele Dambrosio, Fernando Schiraldi, Vito Procacci

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Open access emergency medicine : OAEM, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07654010 (The Value of Partial Arterial Carbon Dioxide Pressure - End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Gradient Courses in Predicting Acute Renal Injury in Critically Ill Patients on Mechanical Ventilation), which is not on this map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 36% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07654010 completednot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

The Value of Partial Arterial Carbon Dioxide Pressure - End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Gradient Courses in Predicting Acute Renal Injury in Critically Ill Patients on Mechanical Ventilation: A Novel Hemodynamic Marker?

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorMalatya Egitim Ve Arastirma HastanesiRan2026 to 2026Enrolled155ConditionsAcute Kidney Injury, Ventilated Patient in Intensive Care
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Observational
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Vito DefilippisEmergency Department, Riuniti Hospital, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Davide D'AntiniDepartment of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Gilda CinnellaDepartment of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Michele DambrosioDepartment of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Fernando SchiraldiEmergency Department, San Paolo Hospital, Naples, Italy.
Vito ProcacciEmergency Department, Riuniti Hospital, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
University of Foggia · ITOspedale San Paolo · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPatients with severe hypercapnia represent a particularly serious condition in an emergency department (ED), requiring immediate attention. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is an integral part of the treatment for acute respiratory failure. The present study aimed to validate the measurement of end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) as a noninvasive technique to evaluate the effectiveness of NIV in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure.

methodsTwenty consecutive patients admitted to the ED with severe dyspnea were enrolled in the study. NIV by means of bilevel positive airway pressure, was applied to the patients simultaneously with standard medical therapy and continued for 12 hours; the arterial blood gases and side-stream nasal/oral EtCO2 were measured at subsequent times: T0 (admission to the ED), T1h (after 1 hour), T6h (after 6 hours), and T12h (after 12 hours) during NIV treatment.

resultsThe arterial CO2 partial pressure (PaCO2)-EtCO2 gradient decreased progressively, reaching at T6h and T12h values lower than baseline (P < 0.001), while arterial pH increased during the observation period (P < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between EtCO2 and PaCO2 values (r = 0.89, P < 0.001) at the end of the observation period.

conclusionIn our hypercapnic patients, the effectiveness of the NIV was evidenced by the progressive reduction of the PaCO2-EtCO2 gradient. The measurement of the CO2 gradient could be a reliable method in monitoring the effectiveness of NIV in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in the ED.

Indexed as

acute respiratory failurearterial end-tidal CO2 gradientbilevel positive airway pressurenoninvasive ventilation

Identifiers

PMID27147867
PMCPMC4806812
OpenAlexW2093380852

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.