Trial reportHuman psychopharmacology2016
Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® on cognitive control functions, mental activity of the prefrontal cortex and stress reactivity in elderly adults with subjective memory impairment - a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
Trial report in Human psychopharmacology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effect of Polyphenols on Working and Episodic Memory in Non-pathological and Pathological Aging: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Trial
- Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® on cognitive control functions, mental activity of the prefrontal cortex and stress reactivity in elderly adults with subjective memory impairment - a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.Human psychopharmacology · 2016Trial
- Mild Cognitive Impairment Diagnosis and Care Algorithms and the Role of Digital Interventions: Expert Consensus.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Review
- A randomised, placebo-controlled, triple-blind clinical trial to investigate the efficacy ofFrontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Article
- Food Functional Factors in Alzheimer's Disease Intervention: Current Research Progress.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Alzheimer's Disease: Cellular and Pharmacological Aspects.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Review
- The effects of twenty-one nutrients and phytonutrients on cognitive function: A narrative review.Journal of clinical and translational research · 2021Review
- Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Dementia: The Role ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Strategies for the use of Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb 761CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2021Article
- The Use of Ginkgo Biloba L. as a Neuroprotective Agent in the Alzheimer's Disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- The role of inhibitory control and decision-making in the course of Internet gaming disorder.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2020Article
- Cytotoxic effect ofHeliyon · 2020Article
- Dietary Polyphenols: A Multifactorial Strategy to Target Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Pyrogallol-Phloroglucinol-6,6'-Bieckol fromMarine drugs · 2019Article
- Considerations for the Use of Polyphenols as Therapies in Neurodegenerative Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Mitochondria- and Oxidative Stress-Targeting Substances in Cognitive Decline-Related Disorders: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Evidence.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveCognitive control as well as stress reactivity is assumed to depend on prefrontal dopamine and decline with age. Because Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 increases prefrontal dopamine in animals, we assessed its effects on cognitive functions related to prefrontal dopamine.
methodsEffects of 240-mg EGb761 daily on task-set-switching, response-inhibition, delayed response, prospective-memory, task-related fMRI-BOLD-signals and the Trier Social Stress-Test were explored in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot-trial in 61 elderly volunteers with subjective memory impairment.
resultsBaseline-FMRI-data showed BOLD-responses in regions commonly activated by the specific tasks. Task-switch-costs decreased with EGb761 compared to placebo (ANOVA-interaction: Group × Time × Switch-Costs p = 0.018, multiple tests uncorrected), indicating improved cognitive flexibility. Go-NoGo-task reaction-times corrected for error-rates indicated a trend for improved response inhibition. No treatment effects were found for the delayed response and prospective-memory tasks and fMRI-data. A non-significant trend indicated a potentially accelerated endocrine stress-recovery. EGb761 was safe and well tolerated.
conclusionWe observed indications for improved cognitive flexibility without changes in brain activation, suggesting increased processing efficiency with EGb761. Together with a trend for improved response inhibition results are compatible with mild enhancement of prefrontal dopamine. These conclusions on potential beneficial effect of EGb761 on prefrontal dopaminergic functions should be confirmed by direct measurements. © 2016 The Authors. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.