Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27146090›Full record

ArticleBMC infectious diseases2016

Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates obtained from two hospital outbreaks in Los Angeles County, California, USA.

Wayne A Warner, Shan N Kuang, Rina Hernandez, Melissa C Chong, Peter J Ewing, Jen Fleischer, Jia Meng, Sheena Chu, Dawn Terashita, L'Tanya English and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The fitness connection of antibiotic resistance.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Wayne A WarnerDepartment of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90032, USA.
Shan N KuangDepartment of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90032, USA.
Rina HernandezDepartment of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90032, USA.
Melissa C ChongDepartment of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90032, USA.
Peter J EwingDepartment of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90032, USA.
Jen FleischerDepartment of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90032, USA.
Jia MengDepartment of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90032, USA.
Sheena ChuLos Angeles County Department of Public Health, Public Health Laboratory, Los Angeles, CA, 90242, USA.
Dawn TerashitaLos Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, 90012, USA.
L'Tanya EnglishLos Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, 90012, USA.
Wangxue ChenHuman Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.
H Howard XuDepartment of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90032, USA. hxu3@calstatela.edu.
California State University Los Angeles · USLos Angeles County Department of Public Health · USNational Research Council Canada · CA

Funding

Research Initiative for Scientific Enhancement (RISE)R25GM061331 · NIGMS · CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY LOS ANGELES · PI FOSTER, KRISHNA L · 2000 to 2021
$33.1M
NIGMS NIH HHS R25 GM061331
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAntibiotic resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii have been responsible for an increasing number of nosocomial infections including bacteremia and ventilator-associated pneumonia. In this study, we analyzed 38 isolates of A. baumannii obtained from two hospital outbreaks in Los Angeles County for the molecular epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance determinants.

methodsPulsed field gel electrophoresis, tri-locus multiplex PCR and multi-locus sequence typing (Pasteur scheme) were used to examine clonal relationships of the outbreak isolates. Broth microdilution method was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility of these isolates. PCR and subsequent DNA sequencing were employed to characterize antibiotic resistance genetic determinants.

resultsTrilocus multiplex PCR showed these isolates belong to Global Clones I and II, which were confirmed to ST1 and ST2, respectively, by multi-locus sequence typing. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis analysis identified two clonal clusters, one with 20 isolates (Global Clone I) and the other with nine (Global Clone II), which dominated the two outbreaks. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing using 14 antibiotics indicated that all isolates were resistant to antibiotics belonging to four or more categories of antimicrobial agents. In particular, over three fourth of 38 isolates were found to be resistant to both imipenem and meropenem. Additionally, all isolates were found to be resistant to piperacillin, four cephalosporin antibiotics, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Resistance phenotypes of these strains to fluoroquinolones were correlated with point mutations in gyrA and parC genes that render reduced affinity to target proteins. ISAba1 was detected immediately upstream of the bla OXA-23 gene present in those isolates that were found to be resistant to both carbapenems. Class 1 integron-associated resistance gene cassettes appear to contribute to resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics.

conclusionThe two outbreaks were found to be dominated by two clonal clusters of A. baumannii belonging to MLST ST1 and ST2. All isolates were resistant to antibiotics of at least four categories of antimicrobial agents, and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles correlate well with genetic determinants. The results of this study will facilitate our understanding of the molecular epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance of A. baumannii obtained from Los Angeles hospitals.

Indexed as

Acinetobacter baumanniiAcinetobacter InfectionsAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial Proteinsbeta-LactamasesCaliforniaCross InfectionDisease OutbreaksDNA GyraseDNA Topoisomerase IVDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialElectrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-FieldHumansIntegronsIntensive Care UnitsMicrobial Sensitivity TestsAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial Proteinsbeta-lactamase OXA-23, Acinetobacter baumanniibeta-lactamase OXA-24beta-LactamasesDNA GyraseDNA Topoisomerase IVAcinetobacter baumanniiAntimicrobial susceptibilityEpidemiologyMechanism of resistanceNosocomial outbreak

Identifiers

PMID27146090
PMCPMC4857389
OpenAlexW2345624627

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.