Trial reportBritish journal of clinical pharmacology2016
Salivary caffeine concentrations are comparable to plasma concentrations in preterm infants receiving extended caffeine therapy.
Trial report in British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- A descriptive systematic review of salivary therapeutic drug monitoring in neonates and infants.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2018Pooled it
- Intermittent hypoxia and caffeine in infants born preterm: the ICAF Randomized Clinical Trial.Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Salivary caffeine concentrations are comparable to plasma concentrations in preterm infants receiving extended caffeine therapy.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2016Trial
- Saliva as a matrix for therapeutic drug monitoring and disease biomarkers in children and adolescents.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Review
- Population Pharmacokinetics of Caffeine in Infants with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Phase I, Dose-Escalating Trial.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Article
- Population Pharmacokinetics of Caffeine in Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease and Associations with Acute Kidney Injury.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2024Article
- Evaluating the Pharmacokinetics of Fentanyl in the Brain Extracellular Fluid, Saliva, Urine, and Plasma of Newborns from Transplacental Exposure from Parturient Mothers Dosed with Epidural Fentanyl Utilizing PBPK Modeling.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2023Article
- The Analysis of Pethidine Pharmacokinetics in Newborn Saliva, Plasma, and Brain Extracellular Fluid After Prenatal Intrauterine Exposure from Pregnant Mothers Receiving Intramuscular Dose Using PBPK Modeling.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2023Article
- The association of salivary caffeine levels with serum concentrations in premature infants with apnea of prematurity.European journal of pediatrics · 2022Observational
- Use of Antibiotics in Preterm Newborns.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Saliva as a sampling matrix for therapeutic drug monitoring of gentamicin in neonates: A prospective population pharmacokinetic and simulation study.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Observational
- Neonatal Exposure to Tramadol through Mother's Breast Milk.Journal of analytical toxicology · 2021Article
- A Case Study Evaluating the Efficacy of an Ad Hoc Hospital Collection Device for Fentanyl in Infant Oral Fluid.Journal of analytical toxicology · 2020Article
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Is a Feasible Tool to Personalize Drug Administration in Neonates Using New Techniques: An Overview on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Neonatal Age.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Predictive modeling of aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 pharmacokinetics for the study of Sjögren's syndrome.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2020Article
- Membrane Transporters in Human Parotid Gland-Targeted Proteomics Approach.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- Caffeine: an evidence-based success story in VLBW pharmacotherapy.Pediatric research · 2018Review
- How publication guidelines for clinical pharmacology trials may help to accelerate knowledge transfer.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2018Article
- Caffeine decreases intermittent hypoxia in preterm infants nearing term-equivalent age.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimsCaffeine concentrations in preterm infants are usually measured in the blood. However, salivary assays may provide a valid and practical alternative. The present study explored the validity and clinical utility of salivary caffeine concentrations as an alternative to blood concentrations and developed a novel plasma/salivary caffeine distribution model.
methodsPaired salivary and plasma samples were obtained in 29 infants. Salivary samples were obtained using a commercially available salivary collection system. Caffeine concentrations in the saliva and plasma were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. A population pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed using NONMEM 7.3.
resultsThe mean (± standard deviation) gestational age (GA) at birth and birth weight were 27.9 ± 2.1 weeks and 1171.6 ± 384.9 g, respectively. Paired samples were obtained at a mean postmenstrual age (PMA) of 35.5 ± 1.1 weeks. The range of plasma caffeine concentrations was 9.5-54.1 μg ml(-1) , with a mean difference (95% confidence interval) between plasma and salivary concentrations of -0.18 μg ml(-1) (-1.90, 1.54). Salivary and plasma caffeine concentrations were strongly correlated (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.87, P < 0.001). Caffeine PK in plasma and saliva was simultaneously described by a three-compartment recirculation model. Current body weight, birth weight, GA, PMA and postnatal age were not significantly correlated with any PK parameter.
conclusionsSalivary sampling provides an easy, non-invasive method for measuring caffeine concentrations. Salivary concentrations correlate highly with plasma concentrations. Caffeine PK in saliva and plasma are well described by a three-compartment recirculation model.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.