ArticleOncotarget2016
Chimeric antigen receptor T cells secreting anti-PD-L1 antibodies more effectively regress renal cell carcinoma in a humanized mouse model.
Article in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 213 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
213 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 326 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mapping the clinical landscape of multifunctional CAR T cells: Targets, trends, and synergies.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Pooled it
- Boosting CAR T cell efficacy in cancer with metabolic insights from design to diet.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Review
- Repurposing Seleno-L-Methionine as a Pleiotropic Immunomodulatory Agent to Overcome TGF-β1/HIF-Driven Immune Evasion in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Mechanistic Insights and Translational Therapeutic Opportunities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Armored Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy Targets Antigen-Heterogeneous Glioma.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Anti-PD-1 Nanobody-Armored MSLN CAR-T Therapy for Malignant Mesothelioma: Preclinical and Clinical Studies.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- CRISPR-Cas9 engineering of CAR-T cells: Can non-viral nanoparticles unlock safer and scalable genome editing?iScience · 2026Review
- CAR-mediated release of IL-10 increases the function of regulatory T cells: Relevance for future clinical application.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- MUC1-targeted CAR-T cell secreted anti-PD-1 IgG antibody enhances antitumor activity in Cholangiocarcinoma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal profiling reveals distinct dynamics and checkpoint regulations of CAR-T and CAR-NKT cells against solid tumors.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Targeting urological cancers with CAR-T cell therapy: current landscape and future directions.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Ibrutinib and PD-1 Blockade Potentiate Mesothelin-Targeting CAR T-cell Therapy in Preclinical Models of Pancreatic Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Article
- Mechanistic basis and therapeutic modulation of T cell fitness to enhance CAR-T cell efficacy in hematological malignancies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Engineering CAR-T cells for solid tumors: overcoming antigenic, trafficking, and microenvironmental barriers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Carbonic Anhydrase IX and Cyclooxygenase-2 Regulation in Renal Cell Carcinoma and Impact on Therapeutic Efficiency of Anti-CAIX CAR T cells.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Discovery of tumor antigens in renal cell carcinoma and prospects for clinical application.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Chimeric antigen receptor-based cell therapy for treating urological tumors.Current urology · 2025Review
- Fine tuning towards the next generation of engineered T cells.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Review
- Targeting tumor immune evasion: the role of PD-L1 siRNA in advancing cancer immunotherapy.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- The Underlying Mechanisms and Emerging Strategies to Overcome Resistance in Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
153 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Advances in the treatment of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have led to improved progression-free survival of many patients; however the therapies are toxic, rarely achieve durable long-term complete responses and are not curative. Herein we used a single bicistronic lentiviral vector to develop a new combination immunotherapy that consists of human anti-carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX)-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells engineered to secrete human anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies at the tumor site. The local antibody delivery led to marked immune checkpoint blockade. Tumor growth diminished 5 times and tumor weight reduced 50-80% when compared with the anti-CAIX CAR T cells alone in a humanized mice model of ccRCC. The expression of PD-L1 and Ki67 in the tumors decreased and an increase in granzyme B levels was found in CAR T cells. The anti-PD-L1 IgG1 isotype, which is capable of mediating ADCC, was also able to recruit human NK cells to the tumor site in vivo. These armed second-generation CAR T cells empowered to secrete human anti-PD-L1 antibodies in the ccRCC milieu to combat T cell exhaustion is an innovation in this field that should provide renewed potential for CAR T cell immunotherapy of solid tumors where limited efficacy is currently seen.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.