ArticlePloS one2016
Sixteen Years of Bt Maize in the EU Hotspot: Why Has Resistance Not Evolved?
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 18 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Assessment of the 2021 post-market environmental monitoring report on the cultivation of genetically modified maize MON 810 in the EU.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2023Article
- Monitoring Insect Resistance to Bt Maize in the European Union: Update, Challenges, and Future Prospects.Journal of economic entomology · 2023Article
- Assessment of the 2020 post-market environmental monitoring report on the cultivation of genetically modified maize MON 810 in the EU.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2022Article
- Insect pest management in the age of synthetic biology.Plant biotechnology journal · 2022Review
- Review
- Assessment of the 2019 post-market environmental monitoring report on the cultivation of genetically modified maize MON 810 in the EU.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2021Article
- Performance of Sesamia nonagrioides on cultivated and wild host plants: Implications for Bt maize resistance management.Pest management science · 2020Article
- Assessment of the 2018 post-market environmental monitoring report on the cultivation of genetically modified maize MON 810 in the EU.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2020Article
- Assessment of the 2017 post-market environmental monitoring report on the cultivation of genetically modified maize MON 810.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2019Article
- Annual post-market environmental monitoring report on the cultivation of genetically modified maize MON 810 in 2016.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2018Article
- First detection of a Sesamia nonagrioides resistance allele to Bt maize in Europe.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- The impact of restrictions on neonicotinoid and fipronil insecticides on pest management in maize, oilseed rape and sunflower in eight European Union regions.Pest management science · 2018Article
- Relationship between oviposition, virulence gene expression and parasitism success in Cotesia typhae nov. sp. parasitoid strains.Genetica · 2017Article
- Surge in insect resistance to transgenic crops and prospects for sustainability.Nature biotechnology · 2017Review
- Annual post-market environmental monitoring (PMEM) report on the cultivation of genetically modified maize MON 810 in 2015 from Monsanto Europe S.A.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2017Article
- Spatio-Temporal Variation in Landscape Composition May Speed Resistance Evolution of Pests to Bt Crops.PloS one · 2017Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The majority of Bt maize production in the European Union (EU) is concentrated in northeast Spain, which is Europe's only hotspot where resistance might evolve, and the main target pest, Sesamia nonagrioides, has been exposed to Cry1Ab maize continuously since 1998. The cropping system in northeast Spain has some similar characteristics to those that probably led to rapid resistance failures in two other target noctuid maize pests. These include repeated cultivation of Bt maize in the same fields, low use of refuges, recurring exposure of larvae to non-high dose concentrations of Cry1Ab toxin during the first years of cultivation, low migratory potential, and production concentrated in an irrigated region with few alternative hosts. Available data reveal no evidence of resistance in S. nonagrioides after 16 years of use. We explore the possible reasons for this resistance management success using evolutionary models to consider factors expected to accelerate resistance, and those expected to delay resistance. Low initial adoption rates and the EU policy decision to replace Event 176 with MON 810 Bt maize were key to delaying resistance evolution. Model results suggest that if refuge compliance continues at the present 90%, Bt maize might be used sustainably in northeast Spain for at least 20 more years before resistance might occur. However, obtaining good estimates of the present R allele frequency and level of local assortative mating are crucial to reduce uncertainty about the future success of resistance management.
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