ArticlePloS one2016
Effects of Different Analysis Strategies on Paired Associative Stimulation. A Pooled Data Analysis from Three Research Labs.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A Systematic Review of Paired Associative Stimulation (PAS) to Modulate Lower Limb Corticomotor Excitability: Implications for Stimulation Parameter Selection and Experimental Design.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Pooled it
- Acute and post-acute neurobehavioral responses to lysergic acid diethylamide in healthy subjects: a randomized controlled study.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- NMDA receptor involvement in dopaminergic modulation of neuroplasticity induced by paired associative stimulation.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Trial
- Lasting effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on the inducibility of synaptic plasticity by paired-associative stimulation in humans.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Trial
- Investigation of Metaplasticity Associated with Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation in Humans.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Phase matters when there is power: Phasic modulation of corticospinal excitability occurs at high amplitude sensorimotor mu-oscillations.Neuroimage. Reports · 2022Article
- Slow-oscillatory tACS does not modulate human motor cortical response to repeated plasticity paradigms.Experimental brain research · 2022Article
- Associative cued asynchronous BCI induces cortical plasticity in stroke patients.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2022Article
- Induction of Neural Plasticity Using a Low-Cost Open Source Brain-Computer Interface and a 3D-Printed Wrist Exoskeleton.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Intra- and Inter-Rater Reliability of Manual Feature Extraction Methods in Movement Related Cortical Potential Analysis.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Convergent Associative Motor Cortical Plasticity Induced by Conditional Somatosensory and Motor Reaction Afferents.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2020Article
- Sensorimotor Oscillatory Phase-Power Interaction Gates Resting Human Corticospinal Output.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2019Article
- Determinants of Inter-Individual Variability in Corticomotor Excitability Induced by Paired Associative Stimulation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Article
- Paired Associative Stimulation as a Tool to Assess Plasticity Enhancers in Chronic Stroke.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Article
- Is There a Future for Non-invasive Brain Stimulation as a Therapeutic Tool?Frontiers in neurology · 2018Review
- A Preliminary Comparison of Motor Learning Across Different Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Paradigms Shows No Consistent Modulations.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2018Article
- Corticospinal Plasticity in Bilateral Primary Motor Cortices Induced by Paired Associative Stimulation to the Dominant Hemisphere Does Not Differ between Young and Older Adults.Neural plasticity · 2017Article
- Impaired Cerebellum to Primary Motor Cortex Associative Plasticity in Parkinson's Disease and Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3.Frontiers in neurology · 2017Article
- Research Priorities in Limb and Task-Specific Dystonias.Frontiers in neurology · 2017Review
- Cortical markers of PAS-induced long-term potentiation and depression in the motor system: A TMS-EEG Registered Report.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Paired associative stimulation (PAS) is a widely used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) paradigm to non-invasively induce synaptic plasticity in the human brain in vivo. Altered PAS-induced plasticity has been demonstrated for several diseases. However, researchers are faced with a high inter- and intra-subject variability of the PAS response. Here, we pooled original data from nine PAS studies from three centers and analyzed the combined dataset of 190 healthy subjects with regard to age dependency, the role of stimulation parameters and the effect of different statistical methods. We observed no main effect of the PAS intervention over all studies (F(2;362) = 0.44; p = 0.644). The rate of subjects showing the expected increase of motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes was 53%. The PAS effect differed significantly between studies as shown by a significant interaction effect (F(16;362) = 1.77; p = 0.034) but post-hoc testing did not reveal significant effects after correction for multiple tests. There was a trend toward increased variability of the PAS effect in older subjects. Acquisition parameters differed across studies but without systematically influencing changes in MEP-size. The use of post/baseline quotients systematically indicated stronger PAS effects than post/baseline difference or the logarithm of the post/baseline quotient. The non-significant PAS effects across studies and a wide range of responder rates between studies indicate a high variability of this method. We were thus not able to replicate findings from a previous meta-analysis showing robust effects of PAS. No pattern emerged regarding acquisition parameters that at this point could guide future studies to reduce variability and help increase response rate. For future studies, we propose to report the responder rate and recommend the use of the logarithmized post/baseline quotient for further analyses to better address the possibility that results are driven by few extreme cases.
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Registered trials
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