Practical urinalysis in the cat: 2: Urine microscopic examination 'tips and traps'.

series outlineThis is the second article in a two-part series on urinalysis in the cat. The specific focus is urine microscopic examination. Part 1, which appeared in the March 2016 issue, discussed urine macroscopic examination. PRACTICAL RELEVANCE: Urinalysis is an essential procedure in feline medicine but often little attention is paid to optimising the data yielded or minimising factors that can affect the results. CLINICAL CHALLENGES: For the best results, appropriately collected urine should be prepared promptly by specialist laboratory personnel for the relevant tests and assessed by a clinical pathologist. This is invariably impractical in clinical settings but careful attention can minimise artefacts and allow maximum useful information to be obtained from this seemingly simple process. AUDIENCE: Clinical pathologists would be familiar with the information provided in this article, but it is rarely available to general or specialist practitioners, and both groups can potentially benefit. EQUIPMENT: Most of the required equipment is routinely available to veterinarians. However, instructions have been provided to give practical alternatives for specialist procedures in some instances. EVIDENCE BASE: The evidence base for feline microscopic urinalysis is quite poor and information has largely been extrapolated from the human literature. Information from feline studies has been included where available. In addition, practical clinicopathological and clinical observations are provided.