ArticleThe Science of the total environment2016
Arsenic in private well water part 2 of 3: Who benefits the most from traditional testing promotion?
Article in The Science of the total environment, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Factors influencing perceptions of private water quality in North America: a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Invited Perspective: The All About Arsenic Program-A Blueprint for Leveraging Youth Engagement to Advance Water Justice.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- A Mixed Methods Approach to Understanding the Public Health Impact of a School-Based Citizen Science Program to Reduce Arsenic in Private Well Water.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Invited Perspective: Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Drinking Water-Disparities in Community Exposures Based on Race and Socioeconomic Status.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Drinking Water Disparities in North Carolina Communities Served by Private Wells.Environmental justice (Print) · 2023Article
- Reduction in drinking water arsenic exposure and health risk through arsenic treatment among private well households in Maine and New Jersey, USA.The Science of the total environment · 2020Article
- Improve private well testing outreach efficiency by targeting households based on proximity to a high arsenic well.The Science of the total environment · 2020Article
- Private well stewardship within a rural, agricultural Latino community: a qualitative study.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Risk Communication and Factors Influencing Private Well Testing Behavior: A Systematic Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Seasonal Variation of Water Quality in Unregulated Domestic Wells.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Health protective behavior following required arsenic testing under the New Jersey Private Well Testing Act.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2018Article
- Arsenic Exposure and Cancer Risk Reduction with Local Ordinance Requiring Whole-House Dual-Tank Water Treatment Systems.Human and ecological risk assessment : HERA · 2018Article
- Private-well stewardship among a general population based sample of private well-owners.The Science of the total environment · 2017Article
- Hazard Ranking Method for Populations Exposed to Arsenic in Private Water Supplies: Relation to Bedrock Geology.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Article
- Lessons Learned from Arsenic Mitigation among Private Well Households.Current environmental health reports · 2017Review
- The Case for Universal Screening of Private Well Water Quality in the U.S. and Testing Requirements to Achieve It: Evidence from Arsenic.Environmental health perspectives · 2017Article
- Arsenic in private well water part 3 of 3: Socioeconomic vulnerability to exposure in Maine and New Jersey.The Science of the total environment · 2016Article
- Arsenic in private well water part 1 of 3: Impact of the New Jersey Private Well Testing Act on household testing and mitigation behavior.The Science of the total environment · 2016Article
- Private Well Water Safety: Practical Counseling Strategies for Primary Care.Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFMReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Arsenic, a toxic element naturally found in groundwater, is a public health concern for households drinking from wells. Private well water is not regulated to meet the federal drinking water arsenic Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 10μg/L, or the more protective 5μg/L New Jersey (NJ) state MCL. In the absence of consistent private well regulation, public health efforts have relied on promoting testing in affected communities to various degrees of success. Few interventions publish results, and more often focus on the outcome of tested wells rather than who completed a test, and more importantly, who did not. Through our survey of randomly selected addresses (n=670) in 17 NJ towns we find higher rates of arsenic testing in areas with a history of testing promotion. However, we also see a stronger correlation of testing behavior with income and education in high promotion areas, suggesting that community engagement activities may be exacerbating socioeconomic status (SES) testing disparities. Well owners with a bachelor's degree had ten times greater odds of participating in our direct mail testing intervention than those with less education when tests cost $40. After all households (n=255) were offered free tests to overcome many of the usual testing barriers - awareness, convenience, and cost - only 47% participated and those who chose to return water samples were of higher income and education than those who did not. Our findings highlight that while efforts to promote and provide arsenic testing succeed in testing more wells, community testing interventions risk increasing SES disparities if those with more education and resources are more likely to take advantage of testing programs. Therefore, testing interventions can benefit by better targeting socially vulnerable populations in an effort to overcome SES-patterned self-selection when individuals are left alone with the responsibility of managing their drinking water quality.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.