ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2016
Differences in Early Cytokine Production Are Associated With Development of a Greater Number of Symptoms Following West Nile Virus Infection.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of chronic comorbidities in dengue fever and West Nile virus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2018Pooled it
- Differential Serum Cytokine Profiles in Aborting and Subclinically Infected Pregnant Mares with Equine Herpesvirus Type 1.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Proinflammatory Chemokine Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Neuroinvasive Flavivirus Infections.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Interleukins, Chemokines, and Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily Ligands in the Pathogenesis of West Nile Virus Infection.Viruses · 2023Review
- Interplay of host and viral factors in inflammatory pathway mediated cytokine storm during RNA virus infection.Current research in immunology · 2023Review
- West Nile Virus Neuroinfection in Humans: Peripheral Biomarkers of Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Damage.Viruses · 2022Article
- Severe West Nile Virus Neuroinvasive Disease: Clinical Characteristics, Short- and Long-Term Outcomes.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Antiviral Cytokine Response in Neuroinvasive and Non-Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Infection.Viruses · 2021Article
- Cytokine biomarkers associated with clinical cases of acute flaccid myelitis.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2020Article
- Human Type I Interferon Antiviral Effects in Respiratory and Reemerging Viral Infections.Journal of immunology research · 2020Review
- How Inflammation Blunts Innate Immunity in Aging.Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology and geriatrics · 2020Review
- Sex differences in cytokine production following West Nile virus infection: Implications for symptom manifestation.Pathogens and disease · 2019Article
- Reduced dynamic range of antiviral innate immune responses in aging.Experimental gerontology · 2018Review
- Innate Immune Response of Primary Human Keratinocytes to West Nile Virus Infection and Its Modulation by Mosquito Saliva.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Article
- Age-related alterations in immune responses to West Nile virus infection.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWest Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging cause of meningitis and encephalitis in the United States. Although severe neuroinvasive disease and death can occur in rare instances, the majority of infected individuals remain asymptomatic or present with a range of clinical manifestations associated with West Nile fever.
methodsTo better understand the interindividual variability associated with the majority of WNV infections, we evaluated the association of cytokine/chemokine production and outcome of infection among 115 WNV-positive US blood donors identified in 2008-2011. All subjects self-reported symptoms as having occurred during the 2 weeks following blood donation, using a standardized questionnaire.
resultsWe discovered that, prior to seroconversion, an early potent, largely type I interferon-mediated response correlated with development of a greater number of symptoms in WNV-infected individuals. Interestingly, individuals who developed fewer symptoms had not only a more modest type I interferon response initially, but also a protracted cytokine response after seroconversion, marked by the production of monocyte and T-cell-associated chemokines.
conclusionsCollectively, our data suggest that, although an early type I interferon response appears to be crucial to control WNV infection, successful immunity may require a modest early response that is maintained during the course of infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.