ReviewNature reviews. Clinical oncology2016
Safety profiles of anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies alone and in combination.
Review in Nature reviews. Clinical oncology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 564 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Two-arm, Randomized, Non-comparative, Phase 2 Trial of AGEN2034 (Anti-PD-1) as a Monotherapy or Combination Therapy With AGEN1884 (Anti- CTLA4) or With Placebo in Women With Recurrent Cervical Cancer (Second Line) - RaPiDS
A Single-arm Study of Toripalimab in Adjuvant Therapy After Resection of High-risk Renal Cancer
Who cites it
564 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,087 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled safety profiles of bispecific antibodies targeting PD-1/CTLA-4 or PD-1/VEGF in non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2026Pooled it
- Perioperative immune checkpoint inhibitors with or without chemotherapy versus placebo with or without chemotherapy in elderly people with localised non-small cell lung cancer.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Incidence Rates of Cutaneous Immune-Related Adverse Events in Patients with Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy comparison of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy and combination with PARPis or antiangiogenic agents in advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMC women's health · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced squamous non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Infusion-Related Reactions Among Cancer Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: The ARON-MOUSEION-013 Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors plus platinum-based chemotherapy compared to platinum-based chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab for first-line treatment of older people with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors rechallenge in advanced solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Incidence of Endocrine-Related Dysfunction in Patients Treated with New Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Meta-Analysis and Comprehensive Review.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2023Pooled it
- A phase 1b/2 study of cabozantinib in combination with pembrolizumab in advanced cutaneous melanoma.Cancer · 2026Trial
- MOVIE phase II trial of tremelimumab plus durvalumab combined with metronomic oral vinorelbine in patients with head and neck cancer.ESMO open · 2025Trial
- Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in female patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- Anti-CMV IgG titer determines organ-specific protection toward immune checkpoint blockade-induced toxicities.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoints and immunoregulation in metabolic diseases and cancers: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Article
- Humoral immunity in cancer.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Effectiveness and safety of immunotherapy in advanced NSCLC with pericardial effusions: a global retrospective multicenter study.The oncologist · 2026Observational
- Tailored FcγR blockade enhances immune checkpoint therapy and overcomes resistance.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Article
- Clinical efficacy and safety of Cadonilimab immunotherapy in recurrent or metastatic gynecological malignancies: a retrospective study.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
504 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Inhibition of immune checkpoints using anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) or anti cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) monoclonal antibodies has revolutionized the management of patients with advanced-stage melanoma and is among the most promising treatment approaches for many other cancers. Use of CTLA-4 and PD-1 inhibitors, either as single agents, or in combination, has been approved by the US FDA for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Treatment with these novel immunotherapies results in a unique and distinct spectrum of adverse events, which are mostly related to activation of the immune system and are, therefore, an unwanted consequence of their mechanisms of action. Adverse effects of CTLA-4 and/or PD-1 inhibition are most commonly observed in the skin, gastrointestinal tract, liver and endocrine systems and include pruritus, rash, nausea, diarrhoea and thyroid disorders. In this Review, the authors describe the adverse event profile of checkpoint inhibitors targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1, used both as monotherapies and in combination and aim to provide some general guidelines, based upon the mechanisms of action of these therapies and on the management of these immune-related adverse events.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.