Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27139474›Full record

SynthesisAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2016

Systematic Review of Factors Associated with Antibiotic Prescribing for Respiratory Tract Infections.

Rachel McKay, Allison Mah, Michael R Law, Kimberlyn McGrail, David M Patrick

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 124 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
124citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

124 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Antibiotic effectiveness for children with lower respiratory infections: prospective cohort and trial in primary care.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2023
    Trial
  9. Improving Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing for Respiratory Tract Infections in Primary Care: A Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022
    Trial
  10. Trial
  11. Trial
  12. Trial
  13. Article
  14. [Antibiotic use: psychological factors influencing perceptions and behavior of physicians and patients].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2026
    Review
  15. Factors associated with antibiotic prescription among patients with respiratory illness in Thailand: The potential impact of rapid influenza diagnostic testing in antimicrobial stewardship.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2026
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
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  20. Article

64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Rachel McKaySchool of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada rachel.mckay@alumni.ubc.ca.ORCID 0000-0002-3114-9196
Allison MahDivision of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Michael R LawCentre for Health Services and Policy Research, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-5637-6053
Kimberlyn McGrailCentre for Health Services and Policy Research, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
David M PatrickSchool of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

Funding

CIHR
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antibiotic use is a modifiable driver of antibiotic resistance. In many circumstances, antibiotic use is overly broad or unnecessary. We systematically assessed factors associated with antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections (RTI). Studies were included if they used actual (not self-reported or intended) prescribing data, assessed factors associated with antibiotic prescribing for RTIs, and performed multivariable analysis of associations. We searched Medline, Embase, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts using keyword and MeSH (medical subject headings) search terms. Two authors reviewed each abstract and independently appraised all included texts. Data on factors affecting antibiotic prescribing were extracted. Our searches retrieved a total of 2,848 abstracts, with 97 included in full-text review and 28 meeting full inclusion criteria. Compared to other factors, diagnosis of acute bronchitis was associated with increased antibiotic prescribing (range of adjusted odds ratios [aOR], 1.56 to 15.9). Features on physical exam, such as fever, purulent sputum, abnormal respiratory exam, and tonsillar exudate, were also associated with higher odds of antibiotic prescribing. Patient desire for an antibiotic was not associated or was modestly associated with prescription (range of aORs, 0.61 to 9.87), in contrast to physician perception of patient desire for antibiotics, which showed a stronger association (range of aORs, 2.11 to 23.3). Physician's perception of patient desire for antibiotics was strongly associated with antibiotic prescribing. Antimicrobial stewardship programs should continue to expand in the outpatient setting and should emphasize clear and direct communication between patients and physicians, as well as signs and symptoms that do and do not predict bacterial etiology of upper respiratory tract infections.

Indexed as

AnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsBronchitisDrug PrescriptionsHumansRespiratory Tract InfectionsAnti-Bacterial Agents

Identifiers

PMID27139474
PMCPMC4914667

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.