Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27139243›Full record

ReviewThe American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry2016

Obstructive Sleep Apnea is Linked to Depression and Cognitive Impairment: Evidence and Potential Mechanisms.

Nancy A Kerner, Steven P Roose

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 167 papers, 16 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
167citing papers in PubMed, 16 pooled it
8.6field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

167 citing papers in PubMed, 16 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 315 citations in OpenAlex.

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  4. Systematic review of changes in extracellular vesicles associated with obstructive sleep apnoea: implications for diagnosis and treatment.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025
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107 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Nancy A KernerLate-life Depression Clinic, the Memory Disorders Clinic, and the Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY; The College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY. Electronic address: nak2120@cumc.columbia.edu.
Steven P RooseLate-life Depression Clinic, the Memory Disorders Clinic, and the Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY; The College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.
New York State Psychiatric Institute

Funding

Research Training in Late-Life NeuroPsychiatric DisordersT32MH020004 · NIMH · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI Patrick J Brown · 1998 to 2026
$6.1M
NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH020004
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent but very frequently undiagnosed. OSA is an independent risk factor for depression and cognitive impairment/dementia. Herein the authors review studies in the literature pertinent to the effects of OSA on the cerebral microvascular and neurovascular systems and present a model to describe the key pathophysiologic mechanisms that may underlie the associations, including hypoperfusion, endothelial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. Intermittent hypoxia plays a critical role in initiating and amplifying these pathologic processes. Hypoperfusion and impaired cerebral vasomotor reactivity lead to the development or progression of cerebral small vessel disease (C-SVD). Hypoxemia exacerbates these processes, resulting in white matter lesions, white matter integrity abnormalities, and gray matter loss. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) hyperpermeability and neuroinflammation lead to altered synaptic plasticity, neuronal damage, and worsening C-SVD. Thus, OSA may initiate or amplify the pathologic processes of C-SVD and BBB dysfunction, resulting in the development or exacerbation of depressive symptoms and cognitive deficits. Given the evidence that adequate treatment of OSA with continuous positive airway pressure improves depression and neurocognitive functions, it is important to identify OSA when assessing patients with depression or cognitive impairment. Whether treatment of OSA changes the deteriorating trajectory of elderly patients with already-diagnosed vascular depression and cognitive impairment/dementia remains to be determined in randomized controlled trials.

Indexed as

Blood-Brain BarrierCerebral Small Vessel DiseasesCognitive DysfunctionDementiaDepressionHumansHypoxiaRisk FactorsSleep Apnea, Obstructivecerebral small vessel diseasecognitive impairmentdepressionintermittent hypoxemiaObstructive sleep apnea

Identifiers

PMID27139243
PMCPMC5381386
OpenAlexW2257069691

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.