SynthesisCNS drugs2016
Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in CNS drugs, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- How to Optimize the Effectiveness and Safety of Parkinson's Disease Therapy? - A Systematic Review of Drugs Interactions with Food and Dietary Supplements.Current neuropharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel on Dyskinesia and Non-Motor Symptoms Including Sleep: Results from a Meta-Analysis with 24-Month Follow-Up.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2022Pooled it
- Intrajejunal Infusion of Levodopa/Carbidopa for Advanced Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2021Pooled it
- The Long-Term Impact of Levodopa/Carbidopa Intestinal Gel on 'Off'-time in Patients with Advanced Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.Advances in therapy · 2021Pooled it
- Article
- Neuropsychological aspects of impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Effectiveness and safety of levodopa-entacapone-carbidopa infusion in Parkinson disease: A real-world data study.European journal of neurology · 2025Observational
- Direct Initiation of Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel Infusion After a Positive Levodopa Challenge Test in Advanced Parkinson's Disease.Brain and behavior · 2024Article
- Review
- A Comprehensive Approach to Parkinson's Disease: Addressing Its Molecular, Clinical, and Therapeutic Aspects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Levodopa-Entacapone-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel Treatment in Advanced Parkinson's Disease: A Single-Center Study of 30 Patients.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2024Article
- Gender disparity in access to advanced therapies for patients with Parkinson's disease: a retrospective real-word study.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Pre-clinical Aspects and Contemporary Treatments of Parkinson's Disease.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2024Review
- Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel Injection for Patient with Severe Parkinson's Disease Followed by Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Case Report and Literature Review.Orthopaedic surgery · 2023Review
- A First Methodological Development and Validation of ReTap: An Open-Source UPDRS Finger Tapping Assessment Tool Based on Accelerometer-Data.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel in advanced Parkinson's disease: long-term results from COSMOS.Journal of neurology · 2023Observational
- Off-time Treatment Options for Parkinson's Disease.Neurology and therapy · 2023Review
- Monoamine-oxidase Type B Inhibitors and Cognitive Functions in Parkinson's Disease: Beyond the Primary Mechanism of Action.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Review
- Identifying potential drug-target interactions based on ensemble deep learning.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Article
- Clinical Pharmacology of Entacapone (Comtan) From the FDA Reviewer.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLevodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) is available in several countries for the treatment of advanced levodopa-responsive Parkinson's disease (PD) with severe motor fluctuations and dyskinesia when other treatments have not given satisfactory results.
objectiveOur objective was to summarize the present evidence base for LCIG therapy through a systematic review of the literature.
methodsStudies were identified from the PubMed and EMBASE databases up to 12 March 2016 using the following search terms: Parkinson disease, duodopa, levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel, levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel, LCIG, l-dopa infusion, levodopa infusion, duodenal l-dopa infusion, and duodenal levodopa infusion. Data extraction focused on whether LCIG therapy improves motor and non-motor outcomes as well as quality of life in PD patients compared with conventional therapy, apomorphine infusion, or deep brain stimulation. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies, with or without a control group, that included more than ten patients were included. The search was limited to peer-reviewed articles published in full in the English language and involving humans.
resultsInfusion of LCIG reduced "off" time, increased "on" time without increasing troublesome dyskinesias, and improved quality of life in three RCTs (one double-blind). Open-label follow-ups confirm these findings. The data evaluating long-term efficacy and safety are still limited.
conclusionsThe quality of evidence that LCIG is effective in reducing fluctuating motor symptoms and improving quality of life is moderate. Quality of evidence for reduction of non-motor symptoms is very low. Safety issues mainly relate to the intestinal infusion system. LCIG might be a useful treatment option in PD patients with severe motor fluctuations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.