Trial reportTranslational psychiatry2016
Adjunctive selective estrogen receptor modulator increases neural activity in the hippocampus and inferior frontal gyrus during emotional face recognition in schizophrenia.
Trial report in Translational psychiatry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacological interventions for social cognitive impairments in schizophrenia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026Pooled it
- The Direct and Long-Term Effects of Raloxifene as Adjunctive Treatment for Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders: A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2023Trial
- The short-term effects of estradiol, raloxifene, and a phytoestrogen in women with perimenopausal depression.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2021Trial
- Effects of raloxifene on cognition in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia: a 24-week double-blind, randomized, parallel, placebo-controlled trial.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2020Trial
- Specificity proteins 1 and 4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia: a 24-week double-blind, randomized, parallel, placebo-controlled trial.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2019Trial
- The influence of sex on cognition in psychosis.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2026Article
- Estren prevents beta-amyloid-induced basal forebrain cholinergic loss and long-term spatial memory deficits in aged female mice.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Single-Cell Transcriptional Profiling Reveals Cell Type-Specific Sex-Dependent Molecular Patterns of Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Sex-informed estrogen receptor modulation in schizophrenia: a male-focused ERβ/GPER1 framework for cognitive and negative symptoms.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Schizophrenia management: Systematic review of current medications and Phase-3 agents (2008-2024).Neuroscience applied · 2025Review
- Role of estrogen in sex differences in memory, emotion and neuropsychiatric disorders.Molecular biology reports · 2024Review
- Article
- Sex Differences in Social Cognition and Association of Social Cognition and Neurocognition in Early Course Schizophrenia.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Pharmacological Treatment for Social Cognition: Current Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Identifying Schizo-Obsessive Comorbidity by Tract-Based Spatial Statistics and Probabilistic Tractography.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2020Article
- Schizophrenia and Sex Hormones: What Is the Link?Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Review
- Neurobiological mechanisms underlying sex-related differences in stress-related disorders: Effects of neuroactive steroids on the hippocampus.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2019Review
- Sex-Specific Associations of Androgen Receptor CAG Trinucleotide Repeat Length and of Raloxifene Treatment with Testosterone Levels and Perceived Stress in Schizophrenia.Molecular neuropsychiatry · 2019Article
- Classification of Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Random Support Vector Machine Cluster.Frontiers in genetics · 2018Article
- The Importance of Social Cognition in Improving Functional Outcomes in Schizophrenia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Estrogen has been implicated in the development and course of schizophrenia with most evidence suggesting a neuroprotective effect. Treatment with raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, can reduce symptom severity, improve cognition and normalize brain activity during learning in schizophrenia. People with schizophrenia are especially impaired in the identification of negative facial emotions. The present study was designed to determine the extent to which adjunctive raloxifene treatment would alter abnormal neural activity during angry facial emotion recognition in schizophrenia. Twenty people with schizophrenia (12 men, 8 women) participated in a 13-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of adjunctive raloxifene treatment (120 mg per day orally) and performed a facial emotion recognition task during functional magnetic resonance imaging after each treatment phase. Two-sample t-tests in regions of interest selected a priori were performed to assess activation differences between raloxifene and placebo conditions during the recognition of angry faces. Adjunctive raloxifene significantly increased activation in the right hippocampus and left inferior frontal gyrus compared with the placebo condition (family-wise error, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in performance accuracy or reaction time between active and placebo conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence suggesting that adjunctive raloxifene treatment changes neural activity in brain regions associated with facial emotion recognition in schizophrenia. These findings support the hypothesis that estrogen plays a modifying role in schizophrenia and shows that adjunctive raloxifene treatment may reverse abnormal neural activity during facial emotion recognition, which is relevant to impaired social functioning in men and women with schizophrenia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.