SynthesisMolecular psychiatry2017
Cortical abnormalities in adults and adolescents with major depression based on brain scans from 20 cohorts worldwide in the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder Working Group.
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Synthesis in Molecular psychiatry, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 644 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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644citing papers in PubMed, 10 pooled it
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Who cites it
644 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Structural and Functional Neuroimaging Findings in Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in major depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of MRI studies with patients and healthy controls.Translational psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Identification of a diagnosis-selective neurobiological substrate for bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of 57,717 subjects.Psychological medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Association between polygenic risk for Major Depression and brain structure in a mega-analysis of 50,975 participants across 11 studies.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- A working model linking the psychopathology and pathophysiology of major depressive disorder - an umbrella review of neuroimaging studies and a conceptual framework.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Structural rather than functional brain alterations that characterize the differences between major depressive disorder and primary insomnia: a comparative meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Neuroimaging studies of acupuncture for depressive disorder: a systematic review of published papers from 2014 to 2024.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Cortical and Subcortical Brain Alterations in Specific Phobia and Its Animal and Blood-Injection-Injury Subtypes: A Mega-Analysis From the ENIGMA Anxiety Working Group.The American journal of psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Genetics, epigenetics, and neurobiology of childhood-onset depression: an umbrella review.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of electroconvulsive therapy on cortical thickness in depression: a systematic review.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of antidepressant medications on brain tissue microstructure in persistent depressive disorder across two randomized controlled trials.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2026Trial
- Superior frontal and hippocampal structures associated with onset versus recurrence of mood disorders in monozygotic twins.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of Exercise Training in Ameliorating Cognitive Function in Patients With Depression: A Narrative Review of Molecular Targets and Clinical Prescriptions.European journal of sport science · 2026Review
- Orbitofrontal and Medial Frontal Gray Matter Volumes Are Associated With Hyperactivity Traits in 2548 Nonclinical Adults.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- From voxels to models: a multi-center voxel-based morphometry study identifying robust biomarkers for deep learning classification of schizophrenia.Brain imaging and behavior · 2026Article
- Allele-specific expression in the brain links genetic risk and cortical thinning in psychiatric disorders.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- What makes a lonely child: environmental, health, and multimodal neuroimaging correlates of prospective loneliness in the ABCD study.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Resilience beyond diagnosis: prospective neural correlates of better-than-expected outcomes in depression.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Anterior Cingulate Cortex Projections to the Amygdala in Primates: Topographic and Layer-Specific Organization Underlying Emotion and Mood Regulation.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Treatment-Resistant Depression as a Heterogeneous Clinical Syndrome: A Personalized Medicine Framework for Diagnostic Reassessment, Suicide Risk, and Mechanism-Based Treatment.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
584 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
81 authors.
L SchmaalDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
D P HibarImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
P G SämannNeuroimaging Core Unit, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
G B HallDepartment of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
B T BauneDiscipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
N JahanshadImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
J W CheungImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
T G M van ErpDepartment of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
D BosDepartment of Radiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
M A IkramDepartment of Radiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
M W VernooijDepartment of Radiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
W J NiessenDepartment of Radiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
H TiemeierDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-4395-1397
A HofmanDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
K WittfeldGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Germany.
H J GrabeGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Germany.
D JanowitzDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-4324-9298
R BülowInstitute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
M SelonkeDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
H VölzkeInstitute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
D GrotegerdDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
U DannlowskiDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
V AroltDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
N OpelDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
W HeindelDepartment of Clinical Radiology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
H KugelDepartment of Clinical Radiology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4349-1984
D HoehnNeuroimaging Core Unit, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
M CzischNeuroimaging Core Unit, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
B Couvy-DuchesneQueensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
M E RenteríaQueensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
L T StrikeQueensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
M J WrightQueensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
N T MillsQueensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
G I de ZubicarayInstitute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
K L McMahonCenter for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
S E MedlandQueensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
N G MartinQueensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
N A GillespieDepartment of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA, USA.
R Goya-MaldonadoCentre for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany.
O GruberSection for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
B KrämerSection for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
S N HattonClinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
J LagopoulosClinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
I B HickieClinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
T FrodlDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
A CarballedoDepartment of Psychiatry and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
E M FreyDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
L S van VelzenDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
B W J H PenninxDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
M-J van TolNeuroimaging Center, Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
N J van der WeeDepartment of Psychiatry and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
C G DaveyOrygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
B J HarrisonMelbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
B MwangiUT Center of Excellence on Mood Disoders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
B CaoUT Center of Excellence on Mood Disoders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
J C SoaresUT Center of Excellence on Mood Disoders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
I M VeerDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
H WalterDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
D SchoepfDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-5611-892X
B ZurowskiCenter for Integrative Psychiatry, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
C KonradDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-7015-3860
E SchrammDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
C NormannDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
K SchnellSection for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
M D SacchetNeurosciences Program and Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
I H GotlibNeurosciences Program and Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
G M MacQueenDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
B R GodlewskaUniversity Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK.
T NicksonDivision of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
A M McIntoshDivision of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
M PapmeyerDivision of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
H C WhalleyDivision of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
J HallDivision of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
J E SussmannDivision of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
M LiLeibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.
M WalterLeibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.
L AftanasDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Neuroscience, Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.
I BrackDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Neuroscience, Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.
N A BokhanMental Health Research Institute, Tomsk, Russia.
P M ThompsonImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
D J VeltmanDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Funding
Training U54EB020403 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI THOMPSON, PAUL M · 2014 to 2018
$10.1MNeural and Behavioral Aspects of Information-Processing Biases in DepressionR01MH059259 · NIMH · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI GOTLIB, IAN H · 1999 to 2011
$5.9MGenetic influences on the brain: A twin imaging studyR01HD050735 · NICHD · QUEENSLAND INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH · PI WRIGHT, MARGARET JANE · 2007 to 2011
$2.6MMedical Research Council MR/K026992/1NIBIB NIH HHS U54 EB020403NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD050735NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059259Wellcome Trust 104036
Abstract
The neuro-anatomical substrates of major depressive disorder (MDD) are still not well understood, despite many neuroimaging studies over the past few decades. Here we present the largest ever worldwide study by the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Major Depressive Disorder Working Group on cortical structural alterations in MDD. Structural T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from 2148 MDD patients and 7957 healthy controls were analysed with harmonized protocols at 20 sites around the world. To detect consistent effects of MDD and its modulators on cortical thickness and surface area estimates derived from MRI, statistical effects from sites were meta-analysed separately for adults and adolescents. Adults with MDD had thinner cortical gray matter than controls in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), anterior and posterior cingulate, insula and temporal lobes (Cohen's d effect sizes: -0.10 to -0.14). These effects were most pronounced in first episode and adult-onset patients (>21 years). Compared to matched controls, adolescents with MDD had lower total surface area (but no differences in cortical thickness) and regional reductions in frontal regions (medial OFC and superior frontal gyrus) and primary and higher-order visual, somatosensory and motor areas (d: -0.26 to -0.57). The strongest effects were found in recurrent adolescent patients. This highly powered global effort to identify consistent brain abnormalities showed widespread cortical alterations in MDD patients as compared to controls and suggests that MDD may impact brain structure in a highly dynamic way, with different patterns of alterations at different stages of life.
Indexed as
AdolescentAdultBrainCerebral CortexFemaleFrontal LobeGray MatterGyrus CinguliHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMajor Depressive DisorderMaleNeuroimagingPrefrontal CortexTemporal Lobe
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