ArticleNutrients2016
Iodine Concentration in Breastmilk and Urine among Lactating Women of Bhaktapur, Nepal.
Article in Nutrients, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04492657 (Study on the Compensatory Mechanism of Iodine Nutrition and the Optimal Intake Level of Lactating Women), which is not on this map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Study on the Compensatory Mechanism of Iodine Nutrition and the Optimal Intake Level of Lactating Women
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Breast Milk Iodine Concentration (BMIC) as a Biomarker of Iodine Status in Lactating Women and Children <2 Years of Age: A Systematic ReviewNutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Reference Ranges and Determinants of Thyroid Function and TSH Receptor Antibodies During Early Pregnancy in Nepal.Clinical endocrinology · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Supplementation during pregnancy with small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements or multiple micronutrients, compared with iron and folic acid, increases women's urinary iodine concentration in semiurban Ghana: A randomized controlled trial.Maternal & child nutrition · 2018Trial
- Assessment of the Iodine Status of Lactating Women and Infants in Shanghai, China.Biological trace element research · 2023Article
- Assessment of Iodine Concentration in Human Milk from Donors: Implications for Preterm Infants.Nutrients · 2022Article
- The Role of Iodine for Thyroid Function in Lactating Women and Infants.Endocrine reviews · 2022Review
- Maternal iodine status during lactation and infant weight and length in Henan Province, China.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2017Article
- Human Milk and Allergic Diseases: An Unsolved Puzzle.Nutrients · 2017Review
- Suboptimal Iodine Concentration in Breastmilk and Inadequate Iodine Intake among Lactating Women in Norway.Nutrients · 2017Article
- Assessment of Breast Milk Iodine Concentrations in Lactating Women in Western Australia.Nutrients · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Adequate iodine concentration in breastmilk (BMIC) is essential for optimal neonatal thyroid hormone synthesis and neurological development in breastfed infants. For many decades, iodine deficiency has been a public health problem in Nepal. However, recently, excessive iodine intakes among Nepali infants have been reported. This study aimed to measure BMIC and urinary iodine concentration (UIC) among lactating women in a peri-urban area of Nepal. Iodine concentration was measured in spot urine (n = 485) and breastmilk samples (n = 291) of 500 randomly selected lactating women. The median (p25, p75) BMIC and median UIC were 250 (130, 370) µg/L and 230 (135-377) µg/L, respectively. Around 82% had BMIC > 100 µg/L, 61% had BMIC > 200 µg/L and 81% had UIC > 100 µg/L, 37% had >300 µg/L and 20% had >500 µg/L. In multiple linear regression models, time since birth (β 3.0, 95% CI (0.2, 5.0)) and UIC (β 1.0, 95% CI (0.1, 2.0)) were associated with BMIC, explaining 26% of the variance. A large proportion of the women had adequate BMIC and UIC; however, a subset had high iodine concentrations. These findings emphasize the importance of carefully monitoring iodine intake to minimize the risk of iodine excess and subsequently preventing transient iodine-induced hypothyroidism in breastfed infants.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.