Trial reportJAMA internal medicine2016
Innovative Self-Regulation Strategies to Reduce Weight Gain in Young Adults: The Study of Novel Approaches to Weight Gain Prevention (SNAP) Randomized Clinical Trial.
Trial report in JAMA internal medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01183689 (Study of Novel Approaches for Prevention), which is not on this map. Cited by 71 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Study of Novel Approaches for Prevention
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Recruiting and retaining young adults: what can we learn from behavioural interventions targeting nutrition, physical activity and/or obesity? A systematic review of the literature.Public health nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Weight Management in Young Adults: Systematic Review of Electronic Health Intervention Components and Outcomes.Journal of medical Internet research · 2019Pooled it
- Action Planning for Reducing Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake in Appalachian Adults: Longitudinal Process Evaluation of a Digital Behavioral Health Intervention.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026Trial
- A digital behavioral intervention to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage consumption: a randomized, controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Impact of Weight Concern on Post-Cessation Weight Management, Smoking Cessation, and Program Engagement.American journal of health promotion : AJHP · 2024Trial
- Weight gain prevention interventions in the Study of Novel Approaches to Weight Gain Prevention (SNAP) trial promote ideal cardiovascular health in young adults.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2023Trial
- Life events and stress among young adults in weight gain prevention trial.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2023Trial
- Weight management in young adults with type 1 diabetes: The advancing care for type 1 diabetes and obesity network sequential multiple assignment randomized trial pilot results.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2023Trial
- Enhancing Efficacy of a Brief Obesity and Eating Disorder Prevention Program: Long-Term Results from an Experimental Therapeutics Trial.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Factors associated with weight gain prevention in young adults with serious mental illness.Early intervention in psychiatry · 2023Trial
- Changes in pedometer-measured physical activity are associated with weight loss and changes in body composition and fat distribution in response to reduced-energy diet interventions: The POUNDS Lost trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2022Trial
- The Weight of Racial Discrimination: Examining the Association Between Racial Discrimination and Change in Adiposity Among Emerging Adult Women Enrolled in a Behavioral Weight Loss Program.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2022Trial
- A small change approach to prevent long-term weight gain in adults with overweight and obesity: a randomized controlled trial.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2022Trial
- Making large changes or small changes to prevent weight gain in young adulthood: which is preferred and by whom?Translational behavioral medicine · 2021Trial
- Patterns of weight change in a weight gain prevention study for young adults.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2021Trial
- Enhancing efficacy of a dissonance-based obesity and eating disorder prevention program: Experimental therapeutics.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2021Trial
- Who loses weight in a weight gain prevention program? A comparison of weight losers and weight maintainers at 3 years.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2021Trial
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
importanceWeight gain occurs commonly in young adults and has adverse effects on health.
objectiveTo compare 2 self-regulation interventions vs control in reducing weight gain in young adults over a mean follow-up of 3 years. DESIGN, SETTING, AND
participantsRandomized clinical trial in 2 academic settings of 599 participants aged 18 to 35 years with body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) of 21.0 to 30.0, recruited via mailings and emails from August 2010 to February 2012. Data were analyzed from January 2015 to January 2016.
interventionsParticipants were randomized to control, self-regulation plus small changes, or self-regulation plus large changes. Both interventions focused on frequent self-weighing to cue behavior changes. "Small changes" taught participants to reduce intake and increase activity, both by approximately 100 calories per day. "Large changes" focused on losing 2.3 to 4.5 kg initially to buffer against expected weight gain. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Changes in weight from baseline over mean follow-up of 3 years. Secondary outcomes included proportion gaining at least 0.45 kg from baseline, proportion developing obesity (BMI, ≥30.0), and weight change baseline to 2 years.
resultsAmong the 599 participants (22% men; 27% minority; mean [SD] age, 27.7 [4.4] years; mean [SD] BMI, 25.4 [2.6]), mean (SE) weight changes over a mean follow-up of 3 years were 0.26 (0.22), -0.56 (0.22), and -2.37 (0.22) kg in the control, small-changes, and large-changes groups, respectively (P < .001). Differences among all 3 groups were significant (large changes vs control, P < .001; small changes vs control, P = .02; large changes vs small changes, P < .001). On secondary outcomes, both interventions significantly reduced incidence of obesity relative to control (mean [SE], 8.6% [2.0%], 7.9% [2.0%], and 16.9% [2.7%] in the large-changes, small-changes, and control groups, respectively; P = .02 for large changes vs control and P = .002 for small changes vs control); a smaller percentage of participants in the large-changes group gained 0.45 kg or more (mean [SE], 23.6% [2.8%], 32.5% [3.8%], and 40.8% [4.4%], respectively; P < .001 vs control and P = .02 vs small changes) and weight change from baseline to 2 years was greater in control than in small or large changes (mean [SE], 0.54 [0.33], -0.77 [0.33], and -1.50 [0.34] kg, respectively; P = .02 vs small changes and P < .001 vs large changes). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Self-regulation with large or small changes both reduced weight gain in young adults over 3 years relative to control, but the large-changes intervention was more effective.
trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01183689.
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