Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27136077›Full record

ArticleNature biotechnology2016

Profiling of engineering hotspots identifies an allosteric CRISPR-Cas9 switch.

Benjamin L Oakes, Dana C Nadler, Avi Flamholz, Christof Fellmann, Brett T Staahl, Jennifer A Doudna, David F Savage

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature biotechnology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 122 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
122citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

122 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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  16. Article
  17. Engineered transcription-associated Cas9 targeting in eukaryotic cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024
    Article
  18. Review
  19. Rational Design of a Circularly Permuted Flavin-Based Fluorescent Protein.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2024
    Article
  20. Article

62 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Benjamin L OakesDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
Dana C NadlerDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9792-145X
Avi FlamholzDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
Christof FellmannDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
Brett T StaahlDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
Jennifer A DoudnaDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
David F SavageDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0042-2257

Funding

Univ of Calif Berkeley Chemistry-Biology Interface ProgramT32GM066698 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI CHANG, CHRISTOPHER J., FRANCIS, MATTHEW B · 2004 to 2023
$7.5M
Fluorescent biosensors for metabolite imaging in live cellsDP2EB018658 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI SAVAGE, DAVID FRANK · 2013 to 2013
$2.2M
NIBIB NIH HHS DP2 EB018658NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM066698
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein Cas9 from Streptococcus pyogenes is an RNA-guided DNA endonuclease with widespread utility for genome modification. However, the structural constraints limiting the engineering of Cas9 have not been determined. Here we experimentally profile Cas9 using randomized insertional mutagenesis and delineate hotspots in the structure capable of tolerating insertions of a PDZ domain without disruption of the enzyme's binding and cleavage functions. Orthogonal domains or combinations of domains can be inserted into the identified sites with minimal functional consequence. To illustrate the utility of the identified sites, we construct an allosterically regulated Cas9 by insertion of the estrogen receptor-α ligand-binding domain. This protein showed robust, ligand-dependent activation in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, establishing a versatile one-component system for inducible and reversible Cas9 activation. Thus, domain insertion profiling facilitates the rapid generation of new Cas9 functionalities and provides useful data for future engineering of Cas9.

Indexed as

Allosteric RegulationBacterial ProteinsBinding SitesClustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic RepeatsCRISPR-Associated Protein 9EndonucleasesGenes, SwitchMutagenesis, InsertionalMutagenesis, Site-DirectedProtein BindingProtein DomainsProtein EngineeringBacterial ProteinsCas9 endonuclease Streptococcus pyogenesCRISPR-Associated Protein 9Endonucleases

Identifiers

PMID27136077
PMCPMC4900928

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.