ReviewThe Journal of clinical investigation2016
Dual targeting of the thioredoxin and glutathione systems in cancer and HIV.
Review in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 163 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunogenicity of personalized dendritic-cell therapy in HIV-1 infected individuals under suppressive antiretroviral treatment: interim analysis from a phase II clinical trial.AIDS research and therapy · 2022Trial
- Tumor cell membrane‑coated MOF‑199 nanoparticles co‑loaded with auranofin and celecoxib enhance single‑dose radiotherapy and anti‑PD‑L1 therapy in cervical cancer.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), a redox regulator, mediates the EPAC-RAP1 signaling dependency of primary melanoma.Oncogene · 2026Article
- Crosstalk of thioredoxin system and programmed cell death: from pathophysiology to novel therapy.Redox biology · 2026Review
- Inflammation and RONS Dysregulation by Redox Enzymes as Mechanistic Links in HIV-1-Cancer Comorbidity.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Selenium-Thioredoxin Axis Contributes to Ferroptosis Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Redox regulation of HIV-1: the thioredoxin pathway, oxidative metabolism, and latency control.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Review
- Unveiling shared therapeutic targets and pathological pathways between coronary artery disease and major depressive disorder through bioinformatics analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Synergistic Dual Targeting of Thioredoxin and Glutathione Systems Irrespective of p53 in Glioblastoma Stem Cells.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Possible link between familial susceptibility to cancer and the level of oxidative stress in thyroid cancer patients.Hereditary cancer in clinical practice · 2024Article
- Possible Markers for Distinguishing benign and Malignant Thyroid Tumors and Predicting Malignancy in Patients with Genetic Predisposition to Cancer.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2024Article
- Zero-valent Iron Nanoparticles: Biogenic Synthesis and their Medical Applications; Existing Challenges and Future Prospects.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2024Review
- Kinetic Effects of Transferrin-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles on the Antioxidant Glutathione-Thioredoxin Pathway.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Thioredoxin reductase as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis and efficacy prediction of gastrointestinal malignancy: a large-scale, retrospective study.International journal of clinical oncology · 2023Article
- Non-covalent inhibitors of thioredoxin glutathione reductase with schistosomicidal activity in vivo.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Effect of Melittin Complexes with Graphene and Graphene Oxide on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Tumors Grown on Chicken Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Comparison of the structure and activity of thioredoxin 2 and thioredoxin 1 from Acinetobacter baumannii.IUCrJ · 2023Article
- The microbiota as a modulator of mucosal inflammation and HIV/HPV pathogenesis: From association to causation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Although the use of antioxidants for the treatment of cancer and HIV/AIDS has been proposed for decades, new insights gained from redox research have suggested a very different scenario. These new data show that the major cellular antioxidant systems, the thioredoxin (Trx) and glutathione (GSH) systems, actually promote cancer growth and HIV infection, while suppressing an effective immune response. Mechanistically, these systems control both the redox- and NO-based pathways (nitroso-redox homeostasis), which subserve innate and cellular immune defenses. Dual inhibition of the Trx and GSH systems synergistically kills neoplastic cells in vitro and in mice and decreases resistance to anticancer therapy. Similarly, the population of HIV reservoir cells that constitutes the major barrier to a cure for AIDS is exquisitely redox sensitive and could be selectively targeted by Trx and GSH inhibitors. Trx and GSH inhibition may lead to a reprogramming of the immune response, tilting the balance between the immune system and cancer or HIV in favor of the former, allowing elimination of diseased cells. Thus, therapies based on silencing of the Trx and GSH pathways represent a promising approach for the cure of both cancer and AIDS and warrant further investigation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.