ArticleJournal of women's health (2002)2016
The Association of Inflammation with Premenstrual Symptoms.
Article in Journal of women's health (2002), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biological rhythms in premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: a systematic review.BMC women's health · 2024Pooled it
- The effectiveness of self-care and lifestyle interventions in primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC complementary and alternative medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Acupuncture and acupressure for premenstrual syndrome.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Effect of long-term intake ofFrontiers in nutrition · 2026Trial
- An Examination into the Safety and Efficacy of KhapregesicInternational journal of women's health · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of Echium amoenum on premenstrual syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2020Trial
- Trial
- How to deal with controversies in the evaluation of medicalization: a case study of PMS and PMDD.Medicine, health care, and philosophy · 2026Article
- Physical and Mental Recovery for Female Footballers: Considerations and Approaches for Better Practice.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- An Overarching Conceptual Framework for Menstrual Health in Sport Research: Theory, Causality and Validation.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Premenstrual Syndrome and Nutritional Factors: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence and Clinical Implications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Associations of meal timing and sleep timing with premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea in Japanese women: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Asking the right questions: How PMS question phrasing impacts responses in an English speaking, online sample.Archives of women's mental health · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome and Its Association With Dietary Inflammatory Index Among Young Females: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2025Article
- Whole-body cryostimulation exposures effectively alleviates menstrual-related pain and associated sleep disturbances in young women: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The role of the neuroinflammation and stressors in premenstrual syndrome/premenstrual dysphoric disorder: a review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Luteal phase sertraline treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD): Effects on markers of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis activation and inflammation.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2024Article
- The impact of comorbid premenstrual syndrome or premenstrual dysphoric disorder on the clinical characteristics of bipolar disorder among Han Chinese women.Archives of women's mental health · 2024Article
- Menstrual cycle tracking in professional volleyball athletes.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
- Jingqianshu granules mitigates premenstrual depression by regulating orexin signaling.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAbout 80% of women experience premenstrual symptoms (PMSx), and about 50% of women seek medical care for them, posing a large medical care burden. However, despite women's use of anti-inflammatory agents for relief from these symptoms, and the fact that anti-inflammatory agents provide relief from some PMSx, the relationship of inflammation to PMSx has not been well investigated.
methodsWe, therefore, undertook the present cross-sectional analyses using baseline data from the longitudinal Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), a racially/ethnically diverse cohort of midlife women (n = 2939), to determine if a biomarker of inflammation, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), was associated with PMSx. We performed factor analyses with Varimax rotations to determine five groupings of eight symptoms to develop a parsimonious set of outcome variables. We conducted backward stepwise multiple logistic regression models for each grouping, eliminating non-significant (p > 0.05) covariates.
resultsHaving an hs-CRP level >3 mg/L was significantly positively associated with premenstrual mood symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.27, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.02-1.58), abdominal cramps/back pain (aOR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.09-1.80), appetite cravings/weight gain/bloating (aOR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.04-1.89), and breast pain (aOR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.02-1.55). Elevated hs-CRP level was not associated with premenstrual headaches or reporting three or more PMSx.
conclusionsThe significant relationships of specific groups of PMSx with elevated hs-CRP levels have potential clinical implications for treatment and possibly for prevention by advising women about the factors associated with inflammation and the potential for treatment with anti-inflammatory agents.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.