Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27135536›Full record

ArticleCell systems2016

Low Dimensionality in Gene Expression Data Enables the Accurate Extraction of Transcriptional Programs from Shallow Sequencing.

Graham Heimberg, Rajat Bhatnagar, Hana El-Samad, Matt Thomson

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell systems, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
78citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

78 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Latent causal diffusions for single-cell perturbation modeling.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
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  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Live-cell omics with Raman spectroscopy.Microscopy (Oxford, England) · 2025
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Worm Perturb-Seq: massively parallel whole-animal RNAi and RNA-seq.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Graham Heimberg *Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Rajat Bhatnagar *Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Hana El-SamadDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Matt ThomsonCenter for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.

Funding

Rewiring Therapeutic Cells: User-Controlled T Cells and Stem CellsP50GM081879 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI LIM, WENDELL A · 2010 to 2017
$19.0M
BMI Bioinformatics Training GrantsT32GM067547 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI HERNANDEZ, RYAN D. · 2003 to 2022
$6.6M
Integrative Program in Complex Biological System (ipCBS)T32EB009383 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI MARSHALL, WALLACE, WEINER, ORION D · 2009 to 2022
$3.2M
Quantitative models for controlling collective cell fate selection in stem cellsDP5OD012194 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI THOMSON, MATTHEW W. · 2012 to 2016
$1.8M
NIBIB NIH HHS T32 EB009383NIGMS NIH HHS P50 GM081879NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM067547NIH HHS DP5 OD012194
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A tradeoff between precision and throughput constrains all biological measurements, including sequencing-based technologies. Here, we develop a mathematical framework that defines this tradeoff between mRNA-sequencing depth and error in the extraction of biological information. We find that transcriptional programs can be reproducibly identified at 1% of conventional read depths. We demonstrate that this resilience to noise of "shallow" sequencing derives from a natural property, low dimensionality, which is a fundamental feature of gene expression data. Accordingly, our conclusions hold for ∼350 single-cell and bulk gene expression datasets across yeast, mouse, and human. In total, our approach provides quantitative guidelines for the choice of sequencing depth necessary to achieve a desired level of analytical resolution. We codify these guidelines in an open-source read depth calculator. This work demonstrates that the structure inherent in biological networks can be productively exploited to increase measurement throughput, an idea that is now common in many branches of science, such as image processing.

Indexed as

Gene ExpressionAlgorithmsAnimalsGene Expression ProfilingGene Expression RegulationHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingHumansMiceResearch DesignSequence Analysis, DNASequence Analysis, RNASoftware

Identifiers

PMID27135536
PMCPMC4856162

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.