Trial reportCytokine2016
CSF/plasma HIV-1 RNA discordance even at low levels is associated with up-regulation of host inflammatory mediators in CSF.
Trial report in Cytokine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Differential Effects of Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Agonists on HIV Replication and Inflammatory Activation in Monocyte-Derived Macrophages and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Microglia.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Article
- Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia Syndrome in an ART-naïve Patient With CSF/Plasma HIV-1 RNA Discordance.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Asymptomatic Cerebrospinal Fluid HIV-1 Escape: Incidence and Consequences.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Reversal of CSF HIV-1 Escape during Treatment of HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis in Botswana.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- HIV Compartmentalization in the CNS and Its Impact in Treatment Outcomes and Cure Strategies.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Review
- HIV Latency in Myeloid Cells: Challenges for a Cure.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Observational
- Drug Resistance Mutation Frequency of Single-Genome Amplification-Derived HIV-1 Polymerase Genomes in the Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma of HIV-1-Infected Individuals under Nonsuppressive Therapy.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis as a predictive factor for CSF and plasma HIV RNA discordance and escape.Journal of neurovirology · 2020Article
- HIV Cerebrospinal Fluid Escape and Neurocognitive Pathology in the Era of Combined Antiretroviral Therapy: What Lies Beneath the Tip of the Iceberg in Sub-Saharan Africa?Brain sciences · 2018Review
- Temporal Patterns and Drug Resistance in CSF Viral Escape Among ART-Experienced HIV-1 Infected Adults.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Article
- Diffuse White Matter Signal Abnormalities on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Are Associated With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Viral Escape in the Central Nervous System Among Patients With Neurological Symptoms.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Article
- Discordant CSF/plasma HIV-1 RNA in patients with unexplained low-level viraemia.Journal of neurovirology · 2016Article
- Macrophages in Progressive Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infections.Journal of virology · 2016Review
- Targeting the Brain Reservoirs: Toward an HIV Cure.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionHIV-1 RNA can be found at higher levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) than in plasma, termed CSF/plasma discordance. The clinical significance of CSF/plasma discordance is not known and the degree of discordance considered important varies. We aimed to determine whether a panel of CSF cytokines, chemokines and associated mediators were raised in patients with CSF/plasma discordance at different levels.
methodsA nested case-control study of 40 CSF samples from the PARTITION study. We used a cytometric bead array to measure CSF mediator concentrations in 19 discordant and 21 non-discordant samples matched for plasma HIV-1 RNA. Discordant samples were subdivided into 'high discordance' (>1log10) and 'low discordance' (0.5-1log10, or ultrasensitive discordance). CSF mediators significant in univariate analysis went forward to two-way unsupervised hierarchical clustering based on the patterns of relative mediator concentrations.
resultsIn univariate analysis 19 of 21 CSF mediators were significantly higher in discordant than non-discordant samples. There were no significant differences between samples with high versus low discordance. The samples grouped into two clusters which corresponded to CSF/plasma discordance (p<0.0001). In cluster one all mediators had relatively high abundance; this included 18 discordant samples and three non-discordant samples. In cluster two all mediators had relatively low abundance; this included 18 non-discordant samples and one non-discordant sample with ultrasensitive discordance only.
conclusionsCSF/plasma discordance is associated with potentially damaging neuroinflammatory process. Patients with discordance at lower levels (ie. 0.5-1log10) should also be investigated as mediator profiles were similar to those with discordance >1log10. Sensitive testing may have a role to determine whether ultrasensitive discordance is present in those with low level CSF escape.
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