ReviewTrends in neurosciences2016
NMDA Receptor Internalization by Autoantibodies: A Reversible Mechanism Underlying Psychosis?
Review in Trends in neurosciences, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03971487 (Ocrelizumab for Psychoses Possibly Caused by Synaptic Autoimmunity), which is not on this map. Cited by 49 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Ocrelizumab for Psychoses Possibly Caused by Synaptic Autoimmunity
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Movement disorders in cell surface antibody mediated autoimmune encephalitis: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Evidence-based umbrella review of 162 peripheral biomarkers for major mental disorders.Translational psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Developmental Differences Between Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2017Pooled it
- Prevalence of anti-NMDA receptor antibodies among adult patients presenting with first-episode psychosis in Hong Kong.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- A single-center retrospective analysis of autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy with seizures in children.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Peptide-Purified Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor (NMDAR) Autoantibodies Have Inhibitory Effect on Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Dysfunction of the NMDA Receptor in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and/or the Pathomechanisms of Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Anti-NMDA and Anti-AMPA Receptor Antibodies in Central Disorders: Preclinical Approaches to Assess Their Pathological Role and Translatability to Clinic.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Electroconvulsive therapy and seizure: a double-edged sword?Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea) · 2023Article
- The Dysfunctional Mechanisms Throwing Tics: Structural and Functional Changes in Tourette Syndrome.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Cognitive Impairment in a Child With Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis: A Case Report.Brain & NeuroRehabilitation · 2023Article
- The Leading Role of Brain and Abdominal Radiological Features in the Work-Up of Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis in Children: An Up-To-Date Review.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- An examination of plasma autoantibodies against voltage gated calcium channels in schizophrenia.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid quinolinic acid is strongly associated with delirium and mortality in hip-fracture patients.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Observational
- The kynurenine pathway implicated in patient delirium: possible indications for indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase inhibitors.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
- Myelinating Co-Culture as a Model to Study Anti-NMDAR Neurotoxicity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Psychiatric Illness or Immune Dysfunction-Brain Perfusion Imaging Providing the Answer in a Case of Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Caught in vicious circles: a perspective on dynamic feed-forward loops driving oxidative stress in schizophrenia.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Review
- Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis in the Netherlands, Focusing on Late-Onset Patients and Antibody Test Accuracy.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2022Observational
- Clinical characteristics and prognosis of anti-alpha-Amino-3-Hydroxy-5-Methyl-4-Isoxazolepropionic acid receptor encephalitis.BMC neurology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Since the early 1990s it has been postulated that hypofunction of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in brain networks supporting perception and cognition underlies schizophrenic psychosis. Recently, NMDA receptor hypofunction was described in patients with psychotic manifestations who exhibited autoantibodies binding the GluN1 subunit of the receptor, and who improved when the level of these antibodies was lowered by immunomodulation. In this disorder, NMDA receptor antibodies decrease the availability of NMDA receptors by internalizing them. In this opinion article, we review this mechanism as well as data supporting or refuting the possibility that this disorder or similar autoimmune disorders affecting synaptic proteins, which are therefore treatable with immunomodulation, could account for some cases of idiopathic psychosis. We also suggest methodological approaches to clarify this issue.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.