ArticleInternational journal of cancer2016
Physical activity from menarche to first pregnancy and risk of breast cancer.
Article in International journal of cancer, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lifecourse genome-wide association study meta-analysis refines the critical life stages for adiposity's influence on breast cancer risk.Science advances · 2026Pooled it
- Physical Activity in Cancer Prevention and Survival: A Systematic Review.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2019Pooled it
- The Causal Effect of Reproductive Factors on Breast Cancer: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Physical activity from menarche-to-first pregnancy and risk of breast cancer: the California teachers study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2022Article
- Review
- Comparison of treatment of early-stage breast cancer among Nurses' Health Study participants and other Medicare beneficiaries.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2019Article
- Ultraviolet radiation exposure and breast cancer risk in the Nurses' Health Study II.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2019Article
- Awareness and Misconceptions of Breast Cancer Risk Factors Among Laypersons and Physicians.Current oncology reports · 2018Observational
- The Premenopausal Breast Cancer Collaboration: A Pooling Project of Studies Participating in the National Cancer Institute Cohort Consortium.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2017Review
- Physical activity induced protection against breast cancer risk associated with delayed parity.Physiology & behavior · 2017Article
- Differences in the mutational landscape of triple-negative breast cancer in African Americans and Caucasians.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2017Article
- Early Life Exposures and Adult Cancer Risk.Epidemiologic reviews · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Breast tissue is particularly susceptible to exposures between menarche and first pregnancy, and a longer interval between these reproductive events is associated with elevated breast cancer risk. Physical activity during this time period may offset breast cancer risk, particularly for those at highest risk with longer menarche-to-first-pregnancy intervals. We used data from 65,576 parous women in the Nurses' Health Study II free of cancer in 1989 (baseline) and recalled their leisure-time physical activity at ages 12-34 in 1997. Current activity was collected at baseline and over follow-up. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. Between 1989 and 2011, 2,069 invasive breast cancer cases were identified. Total recreational activity between menarche and first pregnancy was not significantly associated with the risk of breast cancer. However, physical activity between menarche and first pregnancy was associated with significantly lower breast cancer risk among women in the highest category of a menarche-to first-pregnancy interval (≥20 years; RR for the highest versus the lowest quartile = 0.73, 95% confidence interval = 0.55-0.97; Ptrend = 0.045; Pinteraction = 0.048). This was not observed in women with a shorter interval. Physical activity between menarche and first pregnancy was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer among women with at least 20 years between these reproductive events. This may provide a modifiable factor that women can intervene on to mitigate their breast cancer risk associated with a longer interval.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.