ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2016
HIV and Hepatitis C-Coinfected Patients Have Lower Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Despite Higher Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin 9 (PCSK9): An Apparent "PCSK9-Lipid Paradox".
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rationale, design, and baseline characteristicss of the effect of PCSK9 inhibition on cardiovascular risk in treated HIV infection: EPIC-HIV randomized clinical trial.American heart journal · 2026Trial
- Inflammatory and Immune Mechanisms for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in HIV.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Changes in the Lipid Asset of HIV/HCV Patients after a Successful Course of Direct-Acting Antivirals.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Is It Ever Wise to Edit Wild-Type Alleles? Engineered CRISPR Alleles Versus Millions of Years of Human Evolution.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2024Review
- PCSK9 Inhibitor: Safe Alternative to Fill the Treatment Gap in Statin-Limited Conditions?Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- HIV and Global Cardiovascular Health.Current cardiology reports · 2022Review
- Emerging Insights on the Diverse Roles of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) in Chronic Liver Diseases: Cholesterol Metabolism and Beyond.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Effect of directly acting antivirals for hepatitis C virus infection on proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 level.Health science reports · 2021Article
- Rapid Decline of Serum Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin 9 (PCSK9) in Non-Cirrhotic Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection Receiving Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Statins and PCSK9 inhibitors: What is their role in coronavirus disease 2019?Medical hypotheses · 2021Review
- Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Strategies to Reduce Comorbidity Risk in People with HIV.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2020Review
- Inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases biomarkers in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: A review.Clinical cardiology · 2020Review
- Association of Serum PCSK9 Levels with Antibiotic Resistance and Severity of Disease in Patients with Bacterial Infections Admitted to Intensive Care Units.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Article
- Characteristics, Prevention, and Management of Cardiovascular Disease in People Living With HIV: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2019Review
- Immunosuppression and HIV Viremia Associated with More Atherogenic Lipid Profile in Older People with HIV.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2019Observational
- Inhibiting PCSK9 - biology beyond LDL control.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2018Review
- Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction Is Associated With Elevated Serum PCSK9 Levels in People With HIV Independent of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2018Article
- Evaluation of Statin Eligibility, Prescribing Practices, and Therapeutic Responses Using ATP III, ACC/AHA, and NLA Dyslipidemia Treatment Guidelines in a Large Urban Cohort of HIV-Infected Outpatients.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2018Observational
- Hepatitis C virus and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9: a detrimental interaction to increase viral infectivity and disrupt lipid metabolism.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2017Review
- Association of a 3' untranslated region polymorphism in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 with HIV viral load and CD4+ levels in HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfected women.AIDS (London, England) · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundProprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and improve outcomes in the general population. HIV-infected individuals are at increased risk for cardiovascular events and have high rates of dyslipidemia and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection, making PCSK9 inhibition a potentially attractive therapy. METHODS AND
resultsWe studied 567 participants from a clinic-based cohort to compare PCSK9 levels in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection (n=110) with those with HIV infection alone (n=385) and with uninfected controls (n=72). The mean age was 49 years, and the median LDL-C level was 100 mg/dL (IQR 77-124 mg/dL); 21% were taking statins. The 3 groups had similar rates of traditional risk factors. Total cholesterol, LDL-C, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lower in coinfected patients compared with controls (P<0.001). PCSK9 was 21% higher in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients versus controls (95% CI 9-34%, P<0.001) and 11% higher in coinfected individuals versus those with HIV infection alone (95% CI 3-20%, P=0.008). After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, HIV/HCV coinfection remained significantly associated with 20% higher PCSK9 levels versus controls (95% CI 8-33%, P=0.001). Interleukin-6 levels increased in a stepwise fashion from controls (lowest) to HIV-infected to HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals (highest) and correlated with PCSK9 (r=0.11, P=0.018).
conclusionsDespite having lower LDL-C, circulating PCSK9 levels were increased in patients coinfected with HIV and HCV in parallel with elevations in the inflammatory, proatherogenic cytokine interleukin-6. Clinical trials should be conducted to determine the efficacy of targeted PCSK9 inhibition in the setting of HIV/HCV coinfection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.