ReviewCurrent HIV/AIDS reports2016
Chronic Kidney Disease and Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Positive Individuals: Recent Developments.
Review in Current HIV/AIDS reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chronic kidney disease among people living with HIV on TDF based regimen: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Chronic kidney disease in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in an urban cohort.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Impact of early versus deferred antiretroviral therapy on estimated glomerular filtration rate in HIV-positive individuals in the START trial.International journal of antimicrobial agents · 2017Trial
- Nephrotic Syndrome: Beyond Common Causes.Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2025Article
- Traditional Chinese medicine for HIV-related chronic comorbidities: evidence and potential therapeutic mechanisms.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Higher prevalence of kidney function impairment among older people living with HIV in Uganda.BMC nephrology · 2024Article
- Higher prevalence of kidney function impairment among older people living with HIV in Uganda.Research square · 2024Article
- The changing landscape of HIV-associated kidney disease.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2024Review
- Effectiveness and Safety Analysis of PIs/r Based Dual Therapy in Treatment-Naïve, HIV/AIDS Patients: A Network Meta Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Article
- Risk factors associated with albuminuria in Rwanda: results from a STEPS survey.BMC nephrology · 2021Article
- Article
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Usage Reduces Overall Mortality in HIV-Infected Patients With Osteoporosis or Fractures.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Timing, Dosage, and Adherence of Antiretroviral Therapy and Risk of Osteoporosis in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Taiwan: A Nested Case-Control Study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Antiretroviral Drugs Regulate Epigenetic Modification of Cardiac Cells Through Modulation of H3K9 and H3K27 Acetylation.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Article
- Pharmacogenetic determinants of kidney-associated urinary and serum abnormalities in antiretroviral-treated HIV-positive patients.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2020Article
- Contemporary issues and new challenges in chronic kidney disease amongst people living with HIV.AIDS research and therapy · 2020Review
- Factors associated to chronic kidney disease in people living with HIV/AIDS.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2020Article
- Prevalence of chronic kidney disease among HIV-1-infected patients receiving a combination antiretroviral therapy.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2019Article
- Brief Report: Kidney Dysfunction Does Not Contribute Significantly to Antiretroviral Therapy Modification in Treatment-Naive PLWH Receiving Initial ART.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has emerged as an important health concern in HIV-positive individuals. Preventing long-term kidney toxicity from an antiretroviral therapy is therefore critical. Selected antiretroviral agents, especially tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and some ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors (PI/rs), have been associated with increased risk of CKD. However, the CKD risk attributable to these agents is overall small, especially in those with low baseline risk of CKD and normal renal function. CKD risk in HIV-positive individuals can be further minimized by timely identification of those with worsening renal function and discontinuation of potentially nephrotoxic agents. Clinicians can use several monitoring tools, including the D:A:D risk score and routine measurements of estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) and proteinuria, to identify high-risk individuals who may require an intervention. Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), a TDF alternative, promises to be safer in terms of TDF-associated kidney and bone toxicity. While the short-term data on TAF does indicate lower eGFR decline and lower risk of proteinuria (vs. TDF), long-term data on renal safety of TAF are still awaited. Promising results have also emerged from recent trials on alternative dual-therapy antiretroviral regimens which exclude the nucleoside(tide) reverse transcriptase class as well as possibly the PI/rs, thereby reducing the drug burden, and possibly the toxicity. However, long-term safety or benefits of these dual-therapy regimens are still unclear and will need to be studied in future prospective studies. Finally, addressing risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes will continue to be important in this population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.