SynthesisInternational journal of molecular sciences2016
Definitions of Normal Liver Fat and the Association of Insulin Sensitivity with Acquired and Genetic NAFLD-A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in International journal of molecular sciences, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 155 citations in OpenAlex.
- An updated systematic review and meta-analysis: correlation between circulating plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Pooled it
- Low-energy diets before metabolic bariatric surgery: A systematic review of the effect on total body weight, liver volume, glycemia and side effects.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Lipid Profile, Anthropometric and Hepatic Markers in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A Systematic Review.Current vascular pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Association of circulating vaspin levels and patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Lipids in health and disease · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of dietary macronutrients on liver fat content in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled intervention studies on the effectiveness of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Nutrition reviews · 2018Pooled it
- A higher-protein nut-based snack product suppresses glycaemia and decreases glycaemic response to co-ingested carbohydrate in an overweight prediabetic Asian Chinese cohort: the Tū Ora postprandial RCT.Journal of nutritional science · 2021Trial
- Liver Adiposity and Metabolic Profile in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury.BioMed research international · 2017Trial
- Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) perturbs skeletal muscle oxidative phosphorylation by a different mechanism than liver.Chemosphere · 2026Article
- Mildly elevated liver lipid content is characterised by reduced insulin sensitivity.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2025Article
- Cumulative Effect of Metabolic Factors on Hepatic Steatosis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Disrupted metabolic flux balance between pyruvate dehydrogenase and pyruvate carboxylase in human fatty liver.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2025Article
- D3BT: Dynamic 3D Body Transformer for Body Fat Percentage Assessment.IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics · 2025Article
- The association of fatty liver index and metabolic syndrome with cardiovascular outcomes, liver-related mortality, and all-cause mortality: a nationwide cohort study.Internal and emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Association between different obesity patterns and the risk of NAFLD detected by transient elastography: a cross-sectional study.BMC gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Insulin resistance is an integral feature of MASLD even in the presence of PNPLA3 variants.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2024Article
- Effect of repeated prolonged exercise on liver fat content and visceral adipose tissue in well-trained older men.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2024Article
- Emerging Perspectives on the Set of Conditions That Lead to the Emergence of Metabolic Syndrome.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- ZNF143 inhibits hepatocyte mitophagy and promotes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by targeting increased lncRNA NEAT1 expression to activate ROCK2 pathway.Epigenetics · 2023Article
- Dietary Regulation of Hepatic Triacylglycerol Content-the Role of Eucaloric Carbohydrate Restriction with Fat or Protein Replacement.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Review
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) covers a spectrum of disease ranging from simple steatosis (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis. "Obese/Metabolic NAFLD" is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance and therefore predisposes to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. NAFLD can also be caused by common genetic variants, the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) or the transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2). Since NAFL, irrespective of its cause, can progress to NASH and liver fibrosis, its definition is of interest. We reviewed the literature to identify data on definition of normal liver fat using liver histology and different imaging tools, and analyzed whether NAFLD caused by the gene variants is associated with insulin resistance. Histologically, normal liver fat content in liver biopsies is most commonly defined as macroscopic steatosis in less than 5% of hepatocytes. In the population-based Dallas Heart Study, the upper 95th percentile of liver fat measured by proton magnetic spectroscopy (¹H-MRS) in healthy subjects was 5.6%, which corresponds to approximately 15% histological liver fat. When measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based techniques such as the proton density fat fraction (PDFF), 5% macroscopic steatosis corresponds to a PDFF of 6% to 6.4%. In contrast to "Obese/metabolic NAFLD", NAFLD caused by genetic variants is not associated with insulin resistance. This implies that NAFLD is heterogeneous and that "Obese/Metabolic NAFLD" but not NAFLD due to the PNPLA3 or TM6SF2 genetic variants predisposes to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.