ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2016
Conversion of human fibroblasts into functional cardiomyocytes by small molecules.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 223 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
223 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 381 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiac Regeneration: New Insights Into the Frontier of Ischemic Heart Failure Therapy.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Pooled it
- Pluripotent stem cells: induction and self-renewal.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2018Pooled it
- Integrating delivery systems and microenvironmental cues to accelerate clinical translation of cardiac reprogramming.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Efficient chemical reprogramming of human T cells into functional megakaryocytes and platelets.Science advances · 2026Article
- Cardiac regeneration and repair: the emerging mechanisms and therapeutic approaches.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Identification of a Small-Molecule Modulator of Astrocyte Reactivity for Optic Nerve Protection.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Optimizing the Method for Differentiation of Functional Platelets from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Article
- Past, Present and Future of Regenerative Gene Therapy for Ischemic Heart Failure.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2026Review
- Redefining cellular reprogramming with advanced genomic technologies.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026Review
- Refining fibroblast-to-cardiomyocyte transdifferentiation protocols to explore emergent self-organization in cardiac cultures.PloS one · 2026Article
- Causality of atrial fibrillation and left atrial traits: Genetic and epigenetic perspectives.Heart rhythm O2 · 2026Article
- Administration of a novel reprogramming formula improves cardiac function and decreases cardiac fibrosis in a myocardial infarction model.JTCVS open · 2025Article
- Profiling Inhibitor Scaffolds for the Cancer Target Jumonji-C Domain-Containing Protein 6.ChemMedChem · 2025Article
- Activation of canonical Wnt signaling is required for efficient direct reprogramming into human hepatic progenitor cells.Stem cell reports · 2025Article
- Direct in vivo reprogramming to relieve tissue ischemia via induced vasculogenesis.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- Cardiac repair and regeneration: cell therapy, in vivo reprogramming, and the promise of extracellular vesicles.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Cell and tissue reprogramming: Unlocking a new era in medical drug discovery.Pharmacological reviews · 2025Review
- In Vivo Targeted Reprogramming of Cardiac Fibroblasts for Heart Regeneration: Advances and Therapeutic Potential.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Advances in fibroblast-based cardiac reprogramming in the treatment of heart disease.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Review
- Target neutrophil heterogeneity and plasticity in cancer.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
163 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Reprogramming somatic fibroblasts into alternative lineages would provide a promising source of cells for regenerative therapy. However, transdifferentiating human cells into specific homogeneous, functional cell types is challenging. Here we show that cardiomyocyte-like cells can be generated by treating human fibroblasts with a combination of nine compounds that we term 9C. The chemically induced cardiomyocyte-like cells uniformly contracted and resembled human cardiomyocytes in their transcriptome, epigenetic, and electrophysiological properties. 9C treatment of human fibroblasts resulted in a more open-chromatin conformation at key heart developmental genes, enabling their promoters and enhancers to bind effectors of major cardiogenic signals. When transplanted into infarcted mouse hearts, 9C-treated fibroblasts were efficiently converted to chemically induced cardiomyocyte-like cells. This pharmacological approach to lineage-specific reprogramming may have many important therapeutic implications after further optimization to generate mature cardiac cells.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.