ReviewInternational wound journal2017
Subepidermal moisture (SEM) and bioimpedance: a literature review of a novel method for early detection of pressure-induced tissue damage (pressure ulcers).
Review in International wound journal, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review on the impact of sub-epidermal moisture assessments on pressure ulcer/injury care delivery pathways.International wound journal · 2024Pooled it
- Use of prophylactic silicone adhesive dressings for maintaining skin integrity in intensive care unit patients: A randomised controlled trial.International wound journal · 2019Trial
- Nomogram model for predicting pressure injury in COPD patients using SII: a Chinese clinical study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- The correlation between sub-epidermal moisture assessment and other early indicators of pressure ulcer development: A prospective cohort observational study. Part 2. The correlation between sub-epidermal moisture assessment, temperature, epidermal hydration and pain.International wound journal · 2024Observational
- [Research advances on application of sub-epidermal moisture scanner in monitoring tissue viability of early pressure injuries].Zhonghua shao shang yu chuang mian xiu fu za zhi · 2024Article
- Spatial and temporal changes in biophysical skin parameters over a category I pressure ulcer.International wound journal · 2023Article
- Sub epidermal moisture measurement and targeted SSKIN bundle interventions, a winning combination for the treatment of early pressure ulcer development.International wound journal · 2023Observational
- Advance in topical biomaterials and mechanisms for the intervention of pressure injury.iScience · 2023Review
- Development of a method to identify persistent and blanchable redness by skin blotting in mice.International wound journal · 2023Article
- Feasibility of Skin Water Content Imaging Using CMOS Sensors.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Electronic Alert Signal for Early Detection of Tissue Injuries in Patients: An Innovative Pressure Sensor Mattress.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A machine learning algorithm for early detection of heel deep tissue injuries based on a daily history of sub-epidermal moisture measurements.International wound journal · 2022Article
- Effect of Heat Shock Preconditioning on Pressure Injury Prevention via Hsp27 Upregulation in Rat Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Does COVID-19 infection increase the risk of pressure injury in critically ill patients?: A narrative review.Medicine · 2022Review
- Infrared Thermography in Wound Care, Surgery, and Sports Medicine: A Review.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Review
- Sub-epidermal moisture measurement: an evidence-based approach to the assessment for early evidence of pressure ulcer presence.International wound journal · 2020Article
- A blinded clinical study using a subepidermal moisture biocapacitance measurement device for early detection of pressure injuries.Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society · 2020Article
- Electrochemical methods to enhance osseointegrated prostheses.Biomedical engineering letters · 2020Review
- Phantom testing of the sensitivity and precision of a sub-epidermal moisture scanner.International wound journal · 2019Article
- Bioimpedance Sensor Array for Long-Term Monitoring of Wound Healing from Beneath the Primary Dressings and Controlled Formation of HSensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Current detection of pressure ulcers relies on visual and tactile changes at the skin surface, but physiological changes below the skin precede surface changes and have a significant impact on tissue health. Inflammatory and apoptotic/necrotic changes in the epidermal and dermal layers of the skin, such as changes in interstitial fluid (also known as subepidermal moisture (SEM)), may precede surface changes by 3-10 days. Those same epidermal and subepidermal changes result in changes in the electrical properties (bioimpedance) of the tissue, thereby presenting an objective, non-invasive method for assessing tissue damage. Clinical studies of bioimpedance for the detection of pressure ulcers have demonstrated that changes in bioimpedance correlate with increasing severity of pressure ulcer stages. Studies have also demonstrated that at anatomical locations with pressure ulcers, bioimpedance varies with distance from the centre of the pressure ulcers. The SEM Scanner, a handheld medical device, offers an objective and reliable method for the assessment of local bioimpedance, and therefore, assessment of tissue damage before signs become visible to the unaided eye. This literature review summarises pressure ulcer pathophysiology, principles of bioimpedance and clinical research using bioimpedance technology to assess pressure ulcers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.