Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27126745›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2016

The All-Data-Based Evolutionary Hypothesis of Ciliated Protists with a Revised Classification of the Phylum Ciliophora (Eukaryota, Alveolata).

Feng Gao, Alan Warren, Qianqian Zhang, Jun Gong, Miao Miao, Ping Sun, Dapeng Xu, Jie Huang, Zhenzhen Yi, Weibo Song

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
106citing papers in PubMed
23.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

106 citing papers in PubMed, 342 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. A role for theMolecular biology of the cell · 2026
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  2. Environmental phylogenetics supports a steady diversification of crown eukaryotes starting from the mid-Proterozoic.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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  5. Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Two NewAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026
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  7. Notes on the life cycle of a new marine ciliate,Marine life science & technology · 2026
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  12. A role for thebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
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46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.

Feng GaoInstitute of Evolution &Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
Alan WarrenDepartment of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK.
Qianqian ZhangYantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
Jun GongYantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
Miao MiaoCollege of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Ping SunKey Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Dapeng XuState Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Jie HuangKey Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
Zhenzhen YiGuangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
Weibo SongInstitute of Evolution &Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
Ocean University of China · CNXiamen University · CNChinese Academy of Sciences · CNInstitute of Hydrobiology · CNNatural History Museum · GBSouth China Normal University · CNUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences · CNYantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The phylum Ciliophora plays important roles in a wide range of biological studies. However, the evolutionary relationships of many groups remain unclear due to a lack of sufficient molecular data. In this study, molecular dataset was expanded with representatives from 55 orders and all major lineages. The main findings are: (1) 14 classes were recovered including one new class, Protocruziea n. cl.; (2) in addition to the two main branches, Postciliodesmatophora and Intramacronucleata, a third branch, the Mesodiniea, is identified as being basal to the other two subphyla; (3) the newly defined order Discocephalida is revealed to be a sister clade to the euplotids, strongly suggesting the separation of discocephalids from the hypotrichs; (4) the separation of mobilids from the peritrichs is not supported; (5) Loxocephalida is basal to the main scuticociliate assemblage, whereas the thigmotrichs are placed within the order Pleuronematida; (6) the monophyly of classes Phyllopharyngea, Karyorelictea, Armophorea, Prostomatea, Plagiopylea, Colpodea and Heterotrichea are confirmed; (7) ambiguous genera Askenasia, CyclotrichiumParaspathidium and Plagiocampa show close affiliation to the well known plagiopyleans; (8) validity of the subclass Rhynchostomatia is supported, and (9) the systematic positions of Halteriida and Linconophoria remain unresolved and are thus regarded as incertae sedis within Spirotrichea.

Indexed as

PhylogenyCiliophoraCluster AnalysisSequence Analysis, DNA

Identifiers

PMID27126745
PMCPMC4850378
OpenAlexW2345024324

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.