ReviewScience (New York, N.Y.)2016
How colonization by microbiota in early life shapes the immune system.
Review in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04662619 (A Proof-of-Concept, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Two-Arm, Parallel-Group, Nutritional Intervention Study to Examine the Clinical and Immunological Effects of a Probiotic Food Supplement Containing B. Infantis), which is not on this map. Cited by 1,142 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Proof-of-Concept, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Two-Arm, Parallel-Group, Nutritional Intervention Study to Examine the Clinical and Immunological Effects of a Probiotic Food Supplement Containing B. Infantis (EVC001) in Healthy Breastfed Infants at Risk of Developing Atopic Dermatitis
Who cites it
1,142 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prenatal Maternal Stress and Infant Gut Microbiome in Human and Animal Studies: A Comprehensive Systematic Review.Developmental psychobiology · 2026Pooled it
- The Indoor Microbiome: Sampling, Analysis and Emerging Trends.Environmental microbiology reports · 2026Pooled it
- Association of fermented dairy consumption with asthma and wheeze risk in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Anti-inflammatory effects of Bifidobacterium infantis M-63 during the early postnatal period in term infants.Pediatric research · 2026Trial
- Mass azithromycin distribution and antibiotic resistance in the gut and nasopharynx: a cluster-randomized trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Aberrant Growth in 5-Year-Old Children After Antibiotics in the First Week of Life.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Trial
- Precision synbiotic intervention with 2'-fucosyllactose and infant-derivedFrontiers in nutrition · 2026Trial
- Gut microbial bile and amino acid metabolism associate with peanut oral immunotherapy failure.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Gut microbiota functional remodeling and butyrate depletion amplify anti-Ro/La antibody-driven type I interferon activation in neonatal lupus.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Gut microbiome and pregnancy complications: emerging evidence and mechanistic insights.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Amino acid-based formula feeding is associated with increased risk ofGut microbes · 2026Article
- Microbial epigenetic regulation as a multilevel regulatory interface in host-microbe interactions.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Recent advances and clinical relevance of microbiome dynamics in health and disease.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Intratumoral microbiota in cancer immunotherapy: metabolic-epigenetic crosstalk and engineered bacterial therapeutics.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Microbial Imprints of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Longitudinal Shifts in Breast Milk, Areola Skin, and Infant Gut.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Article
- Cohort profile: Infant Gut Bacterial Study in Pakistan (INBUGS-P) longitudinal birth cohort.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Early-Life Antibiotic Cocktail Intervention Alters Cecal Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Profiles in Suckling Rats.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Advancing the Deciphering of Host-Microbe Crosstalk with Spatial Omics: A Mini-Review.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- Microbial transmission and ecology of human and environmental microbial communities in childcare centers.Research square · 2026Article
- Early-life colonization withScience (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
1,082 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Microbial colonization of mucosal tissues during infancy plays an instrumental role in the development and education of the host mammalian immune system. These early-life events can have long-standing consequences: facilitating tolerance to environmental exposures or contributing to the development of disease in later life, including inflammatory bowel disease, allergy, and asthma. Recent studies have begun to define a critical period during early development in which disruption of optimal host-commensal interactions can lead to persistent and in some cases irreversible defects in the development and training of specific immune subsets. Here, we discuss the role of early-life education of the immune system during this "window of opportunity," when microbial colonization has a potentially critical impact on human health and disease.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.