Trial reportDrug and alcohol dependence2016
E-cigarette advertising exposure and implicit attitudes among young adult non-smokers.
Trial report in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03786042 (Does Exposure to Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Advertising Affect Positive Smoking Expectancies and Social Normative Beliefs About Smoking?), which is not on this map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Does Exposure to Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Advertising Affect Positive Smoking Expectancies and Social Normative Beliefs About Smoking?
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of e-cigarette advertising, promotion, and sponsorship on cognition and behavior: a systematic review of public responses.BMC health services research · 2025Pooled it
- Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review.American journal of preventive medicine · 2017Pooled it
- The Effects of Varying Electronic Cigarette Warning Label Design Features On Attention, Recall, and Product Perceptions Among Young Adults.Health communication · 2019Trial
- Effects of E-cigarette Advertising Message Form and Cues on Cessation Intention: An Exploratory Study.Journal of health communication · 2019Trial
- A Randomized Trial of the Effect of Youth Appealing E-Cigarette Advertising on Susceptibility to Use E-Cigarettes Among Youth.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2018Trial
- Young adults' visual attention to features of social media marketing for disposable e-cigarettes and associated perceptions.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- The Vaper's Perspective: A Qualitative Study of E-Cigarette Users and Smokers in Slovenia.Zdravstveno varstvo · 2024Article
- Using Eye tracking to Examine Young Adults' Visual Attention to E-cigarette Advertising Features and Associated Positive E-cigarette Perceptions.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2024Article
- Nicotine or marijuana vaping exposure during pregnancy and altered immune responses in offspring.Journal of environmental exposure assessment · 2024Article
- Noticing people, discounts and non-tobacco flavours in e-cigarette ads may increase e-cigarette product appeal among non-tobacco-using young adults.Tobacco control · 2023Article
- Nicotine Pouch Awareness and Use Among Youth, National Youth Tobacco Survey, 2021.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Longitudinal associations between receiving E-cigarette price promotions and subsequent E-cigarette use among U.S. Young adult cigarette smokers.Addictive behaviors · 2023Article
- Examination of Tobacco-Related Messaging and Tobacco Use over Time among U.S. Military Young Adults.Substance use & misuse · 2023Article
- Oral nicotine marketing claims in direct-mail advertising.Tobacco control · 2022Article
- Ethnicity and the mechanisms of point-of-sale e-cigarette marketing's influence on behavior: A longitudinal study.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2022Article
- The Mediating Effect of E-Cigarette Harm Perception in the Relationship between E-Cigarette Advertising Exposure and E-Cigarette Use.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Electronic cigarette use is negatively associated with body mass index: An observational study of electronic medical records.Obesity science & practice · 2021Article
- Article
- Marketing exposure and smokeless tobacco use initiation among young adults: A longitudinal analysis.Addictive behaviors · 2019Article
- Health claims made in vape shops: an observational study and content analysis.Tobacco control · 2019Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis study tested whether exposure to e-cigarette advertising affects the subliminal-spontaneous or automatic-attitudes towards e-cigarettes as a more pleasant or safer alternative to cigarettes among non-smoking young adults.
methods187 young adult (mean age=21.9; SD=4.1) current non-smokers who had never used an e-cigarette were randomly assigned to one of the 3 conditions that involved viewing magazine advertisements. Two of the 3 conditions were experimental conditions where thematically different [harm-reduction ("Health") vs. social enhancement ("Social") focused] e-cigarette ads were interspersed among ads of everyday objects. The third condition was the control condition in which participants viewed ads of everyday objects only. Participants provided data on explicit (e.g., harm perceptions) and implicit [e.g., Implicit Association Test (IAT), Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP)] measures after viewing the ads.
resultsRelative to the Control condition, participants in the Social condition showed 2.8 times higher odds of being open to using an e-cigarette in the future. Participants in the Health condition showed significantly higher implicit attitudes towards e-cigarettes as a safer alternative to cigarettes than participants in the Control condition. E-cigarette stimuli elicited more positive spontaneous affective reactions among participants in the Social condition than participants in the Health condition.
conclusionsE-cigarette ads may implicitly promote e-cigarettes as a reduced-harm cigarette alternative. Marketing of e-cigarette use as a way to enhance social life or self-image may encourage non-smoking young adults to try e-cigarettes. Findings may inform regulations on e-cigarette marketing.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.