ArticlePloS one2016
Novel Tissue Level Effects of the Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin Gene Cluster Are Essential for Infective Endocarditis.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- S. aureus exposure during cutaneous antigen sensitization causes basophil- and interleukin-4-dependent exaggerated food anaphylaxis.Immunity · 2025Article
- Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1) inToxins · 2025Review
- Methicillin-resistantCurrent pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025Review
- Novel insights into the immune response to bacterial T cell superantigens.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Genomic epidemiology of the primary methicillin-resistantMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Probable enterotoxin-associated toxic shock syndrome caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis.BMC pediatrics · 2023Article
- Article
- Comparison of genotyping methods and toxin gene profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from clinical specimens.Genetics and molecular biology · 2023Article
- Superantigens, a Paradox of the Immune Response.Toxins · 2022Review
- SEC is an antiangiogenic virulence factor that promotesScience advances · 2022Article
- Pathogen Stimulation of Interleukin-8 from Human Vaginal Epithelial Cells through CD40.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- TSST-1The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2022Article
- Clonal Diversity, Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Presence of Genes Encoding Virulence Factors in Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Cut Wound Infections.Current microbiology · 2022Article
- Review
- Vegetation Formation inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- MRSA strains with distinct accessory genes predominate at different ages in cystic fibrosis.Pediatric pulmonology · 2021Article
- Article
- Current Challenges in the Management of Infective Endocarditis.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- Presence of egc-positive major clones ST 45, 30 and 22 among methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible oral Staphylococcus aureus strains.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Decolonization of Human Anterior Nares of Staphylococcus aureus with Use of a Glycerol Monolaurate Nonaqueous Gel.mSphere · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSuperantigens are indispensable virulence factors for Staphylococcus aureus in disease causation. Superantigens stimulate massive immune cell activation, leading to toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and contributing to other illnesses. However, superantigens differ in their capacities to induce body-wide effects. For many, their production, at least as tested in vitro, is not high enough to reach the circulation, or the proteins are not efficient in crossing epithelial and endothelial barriers, thus remaining within tissues or localized on mucosal surfaces where they exert only local effects. In this study, we address the role of TSS toxin-1 (TSST-1) and most importantly the enterotoxin gene cluster (egc) in infective endocarditis and sepsis, gaining insights into the body-wide versus local effects of superantigens.
methodsWe examined S. aureus TSST-1 gene (tstH) and egc deletion strains in the rabbit model of infective endocarditis and sepsis. Importantly, we also assessed the ability of commercial human intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) plus vancomycin to alter the course of infective endocarditis and sepsis.
resultsTSST-1 contributed to infective endocarditis vegetations and lethal sepsis, while superantigens of the egc, a cluster with uncharacterized functions in S. aureus infections, promoted vegetation formation in infective endocarditis. IVIG plus vancomycin prevented lethality and stroke development in infective endocarditis and sepsis.
conclusionsOur studies support the local tissue effects of egc superantigens for establishment and progression of infective endocarditis providing evidence for their role in life-threatening illnesses. In contrast, TSST-1 contributes to both infective endocarditis and lethal sepsis. IVIG may be a useful adjunct therapy for infective endocarditis and sepsis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.