Trial reportThe Journal of nutrition2016
Multivitamin Use and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Men.
Trial report in The Journal of nutrition, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary intake and circulating levels of vitamins, antioxidants, and fatty acids in relation to coronary heart disease risk: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Evaluating agreement between individual nutrition randomised controlled trials and cohort studies - a meta-epidemiological study.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Multivitamins in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease: the COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS) randomized clinical trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Trial
- Effect of Baseline Nutritional Status on Long-term Multivitamin Use and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Secondary Analysis of the Physicians' Health Study II Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA cardiology · 2017Trial
- A to Z of Health: An Evidence-Based Narrative Review of Multivitamin-Multimineral and Nutraceutical Supplementation.Cureus · 2026Review
- Effects of Cocoa Extract and Multivitamin Supplementation on Venous Thromboembolism in the COSMOS Trial.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2026Article
- Multivitamin supplementation as a potential adjunctive therapy in post-cardiac arrest: insights from a multicenter retrospective analysis of MIMIC-IV and eICU-CRD.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Multivitamin/mineral supplementation and the risk of cardiovascular disease: a large prospective study using UK Biobank data.European journal of nutrition · 2022Article
- Sex Differences Across the Life Course: A Focus On Unique Nutritional and Health Considerations among Women.The Journal of nutrition · 2022Article
- Design and baseline characteristics of participants in the COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS).Contemporary clinical trials · 2022Article
- Effects of vitamin supplements on clinical cardiovascular outcomes: Time to move on! - A comprehensive review.Clinical nutrition ESPEN · 2021Review
- Article
- Prevalence and trends in dietary supplement use among US adults with diabetes: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1999-2014.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2020Article
- Evidence of Drug-Nutrient Interactions with Chronic Use of Commonly Prescribed Medications: An Update.Pharmaceutics · 2018Review
- The Evolving Role of Multivitamin/Multimineral Supplement Use among Adults in the Age of Personalized Nutrition.Nutrients · 2018Review
- Multivitamin use and risk of stroke incidence and mortality amongst women.European journal of neurology · 2017Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough multivitamins are widely used by US adults, few prospective studies have investigated their association with the long- and short-term risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
objectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate how multivitamin use is associated with the risk of CVD in initially healthy men at baseline.
methodsWe studied 18,530 male physicians aged ≥40 y from the Physicians' Health Study I cohort who were free of CVD and cancer at baseline (1982). All men provided a wide range of self-reported lifestyle and clinical factors plus intake of selected foods and dietary supplements. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs).
resultsDuring a mean follow-up of 12.2 y (total of 225,287 person-years), there were 1697 incident cases of major CVD (defined as nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and CVD death). In multivariable-adjusted analyses, no significant associations were observed among baseline multivitamin users compared with nonusers for the risk of major CVD events (HR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.05), whereas a self-reported duration of ≥20 y at baseline was associated with lower risk (HR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.90; P-trend = 0.05). Baseline multivitamin use was also significantly inversely associated with the risk of cardiac revascularization (HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.98). Baseline use of multivitamins was not significantly associated with other CVD endpoints.
conclusionIn this long-term prospective study in initially healthy men, multivitamin use for ≥20 y was associated with a lower risk of major CVD events.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.