ArticleBMC pediatrics2016
Increased risk of allergic rhinitis among children delivered by cesarean section: a cross-sectional study nested in a birth cohort.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Infant gut microbiota following cesarean section in the Middle East: a multidisciplinary expert consensus based on a targeted narrative review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Cesarean section and the risk of allergic rhinitis in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Perinatal Risk Factors for Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis in Children and Adolescents.Clinical and experimental otorhinolaryngology · 2024Article
- The global/local (limited to some regions) effect of cesarean delivery on the risk of pediatric allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Review
- S3 guideline Allergy Prevention.Allergologie select · 2022Article
- The impact of cesarean delivery on infant DNA methylation.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Observational
- Article
- Cesarean delivery and the risk of allergic rhinitis in children.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2020Article
- Adverse infant outcomes associated with caesarean section delivery in India.International health · 2020Article
- Analysis of Factors That May Affect the Effect of Atropine 0.01% on Myopia Control.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Article
- Prenatal and neonatal factors involved in the development of childhood allergic diseases in Guangzhou primary and middle school students.BMC pediatrics · 2019Article
- Mode of delivery and short-term infant health outcomes: a prospective cohort study in a peri-urban Indian population.BMC pediatrics · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFew studies have evaluated the association between delivery by cesarean section (CS) and asthma, allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinitis and whether this association is different in children with and without a family history of asthma. This study aims to investigate whether children born by CS have a higher chance to develop asthma, allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinitis and to evaluate the influence of parental history of asthma on these associations.
methodsThis is a cross-sectional study of 672 children nested in a birth cohort evaluated at 6-years of age. Asthma and chronic/allergic rhinitis were identified by means of the mother's responses to the ISAAC questionnaire. The association between CS, asthma, chronic rhinitis and allergic rhinitis was evaluated by multivariable logistic regression. The evidence of effect modification of parental history of asthma on the association CS and outcomes was examined by introducing interactions terms in the logistic regression models adjusting for confounders.
resultsAsthma was not associated with birth by CS irrespective of parental history of asthma (odds ratio (OR) 1.03; 95 % CI 0.61-1.74). Chronic rhinitis and allergic rhinitis were both significantly associated with birth by CS but only in the subgroup of children with by parental history of asthma (OR 1.56; 95 % CI 1.04-2.34) and (OR 1.60; 95 % CI 1.01-2.55) respectively, after adjustment for confounders. The parental history of asthma was a effect modifier in the association between CS, chronic rhinitis and allergic rhinitis (p for effect modification = 0.10 and 0.02, respectively).
conclusionCS increases the risk of chronic rhinitis and allergic rhinitis in children at 6 years of age with parental history of asthma. Health professionals must be alerted with regard to the increased risk of allergic rhinitis and made aware this is another reason to avoid unnecessary CS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.