ArticleNature2016
Continuous evolution of Bacillus thuringiensis toxins overcomes insect resistance.
Article in Nature, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 117 papers.
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Who cites it
117 citing papers in PubMed, 205 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Evolution of botulinum neurotoxin serotype X proteases to induce inflammatory cell death in cancer cells.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Adaptive cargo deletion as an evolutionary dead-end during phage-based directed evolution.BMC research notes · 2026Article
- Transgenic Lepidopteran-Pests-Resistant and Herbicide-Tolerant Cotton Through Transfer of Cry1Ab-vip3Aa and Cp4-epsps+bar Genes.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Harnessing Nature's Algorithm: From Test Tubes to Autonomous In Vivo Evolution.Biotechnology journal · 2026Review
- Phage-assisted evolution of allosteric protein switches.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Structural basis for the assembly and translocation of the Vip1-Vip2 insecticidal toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Synthetic Biology of Plants and Microbes for Agriculture, Environment, and Future Applications.Chemical reviews · 2026Review
- Review
- Targeted Transition Mutations in Phage-Assisted Evolution.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Dissecting the disconnect between circuit activation and dominant adaptive evolution in cytoplasmic phage-assisted continuous evolution (PACE) of an EGFR nanobody.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Engineered base editors with reduced bystander editing through directed evolution.Nature biotechnology · 2025Article
- Combing Directed Enzyme Evolution with Metabolic Engineering to Develop Efficient Microbial Cell Factories.Chem & bio engineering · 2025Review
- Data-driven protease engineering by DNA-recording and epistasis-aware machine learning.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Programmable gene insertion in human cells with a laboratory-evolved CRISPR-associated transposase.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Functional redundancy in the toxic pathway of Bt protein Cry1Ab, but not Cry1Fa, against the Asian corn borer.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- EnhancingMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Optimizing ABA-based chemically induced proximity for enhanced intracellular transcriptional activation and modification response to ABA.Science China. Life sciences · 2024Article
- A midgut transcriptional regulatory loop favors an insect host to withstand a bacterial pathogen.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2024Article
- Directed evolution of hyperactive integrases for site specific insertion of transgenes.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
57 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxins (Bt toxins) are widely used insecticidal proteins in engineered crops that provide agricultural, economic, and environmental benefits. The development of insect resistance to Bt toxins endangers their long-term effectiveness. Here we have developed a phage-assisted continuous evolution selection that rapidly evolves high-affinity protein-protein interactions, and applied this system to evolve variants of the Bt toxin Cry1Ac that bind a cadherin-like receptor from the insect pest Trichoplusia ni (TnCAD) that is not natively bound by wild-type Cry1Ac. The resulting evolved Cry1Ac variants bind TnCAD with high affinity (dissociation constant Kd = 11-41 nM), kill TnCAD-expressing insect cells that are not susceptible to wild-type Cry1Ac, and kill Cry1Ac-resistant T. ni insects up to 335-fold more potently than wild-type Cry1Ac. Our findings establish that the evolution of Bt toxins with novel insect cell receptor affinity can overcome insect Bt toxin resistance and confer lethality approaching that of the wild-type Bt toxin against non-resistant insects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.