ArticleMalaria journal2016
Clustering and genetic differentiation of the normocyte binding protein (nbpxa) of Plasmodium knowlesi clinical isolates from Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysia Borneo.
Article in Malaria journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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25 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Declining genetic polymorphism of the C-terminus Merozoite Surface Protein-1 amidst increased Plasmodium knowlesi transmission in Thailand.Malaria journal · 2024Article
- Declining Genetic Polymorphisms of the C-terminus Merozoite Surface Protein-1 Amidst IncreasedbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- In Silico Analysis Reveals High Levels of Genetic Diversity ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Inter-Population Genetic Diversity and Clustering ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Genetic Diversity and Clustering of the Rhoptry Associated Protein-1 of Plasmodium knowlesi from Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo.The Korean journal of parasitology · 2022Article
- Article
- Primate malaria: An emerging challenge of zoonotic malaria in Indonesia.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2022Review
- Plasmodium knowlesi: the game changer for malaria eradication.Malaria journal · 2022Review
- Knowlesi malaria: Human risk factors, clinical spectrum, and pathophysiology.Advances in parasitology · 2021Article
- Identification, Mapping, and Genetic Diversity of Novel Conserved Cross-Species Epitopes of RhopH2 inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Proposed Integrated Control of ZoonoticTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2020Review
- Low Levels of Polymorphisms and Negative Selection in Plasmodum knowlesi Merozoite Surface Protein 8 in Malaysian Isolates.The Korean journal of parasitology · 2019Article
- Plasmodium knowlesi clinical isolates from Malaysia show extensive diversity and strong differential selection pressure at the merozoite surface protein 7D (MSP7D).Malaria journal · 2019Article
- Defining the ecological and evolutionary drivers of Plasmodium knowlesi transmission within a multi-scale framework.Malaria journal · 2019Review
- Diversity pattern of Plasmodium knowlesi merozoite surface protein 4 (MSP4) in natural population of Malaysia.PloS one · 2019Article
- Genetic polymorphism and natural selection in the C-terminal 42 kDa region of merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) among Plasmodium knowlesi samples from Malaysia.Parasites & vectors · 2018Article
- Within-population genetic diversity and population structure of Plasmodium knowlesi merozoite surface protein 1 gene from geographically distinct regions of Malaysia and Thailand.Malaria journal · 2018Article
- Diversity and natural selection on the thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (TRAP) gene of Plasmodium knowlesi in Malaysia.Malaria journal · 2018Article
- Cross-species analysis of apical asparagine-rich protein of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Genetic diversity and natural selection of Plasmodium knowlesi merozoite surface protein 1 paralog gene in Malaysia.Malaria journal · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe zoonotic malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi has become an emerging threat to South East Asian countries particular in Malaysia. A recent study from Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo) discovered two distinct normocyte binding protein xa (Pknbpxa) types of P. knowlesi. In the present study, the Pknbpxa of clinical isolates from Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah (Malaysian Borneo) were investigated for the presence of Pknbpxa types and natural selection force acting on the gene.
methodBlood samples were collected from 47 clinical samples from Peninsular Malaysia (n = 35) and Sabah (Malaysian Borneo, n = 12) were used in the study. The Pknbpxa gene was successfully amplified and directly sequenced from 38 of the samples (n = 31, Peninsular Malaysia and n = 7, Sabah, Malaysian Borneo). The Pknbpxa sequences of P. knowlesi isolates from Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo) were retrieved from GenBank and included in the analysis. Polymorphism, genetic diversity and natural selection of Pknbpxa sequences were analysed using DNAsp v 5.10, MEGA5. Phylogentics of Pknbpxa sequences was analysed using MrBayes v3.2 and Splits Tree v4.13.1. The pairwise F ST indices were used to determine the genetic differentiation between the Pknbpxa types and was calculated using Arlequin 3.5.1.3.
resultsAnalyses of the sequences revealed Pknbpxa dimorphism throughout Malaysia indicating co-existence of the two types (Type-1 and Type-2) of Pknbpxa. More importantly, a third type (Type 3) closely related to Type 2 Pknbpxa was also detected. This third type was found only in the isolates originating from Peninsular Malaysia. Negative natural selection was observed, suggesting functional constrains within the Pknbpxa types.
conclusionsThis study revealed the existence of three Pknbpxa types in Malaysia. Types 1 and 2 were found not only in Malaysian Borneo (Sarawak and Sabah) but also in Peninsular Malaysia. A third type which was specific only to samples originating from Peninsular Malaysia was discovered. Further genetic studies with a larger sample size will be necessary to determine whether natural selection is driving this genetic differentiation and geographical separation.
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