ReviewJournal of translational medicine2016
Changing R&D models in research-based pharmaceutical companies.
Review in Journal of translational medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 289 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Authentic content as an effective mechanism for embedding patient voices in health innovation: a hypothesis and conceptual framework.Frontiers in health services · 2026Article
- Development and clinical application of recombinant polyclonal antibodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The changing landscape of medicinal chemistry optimization.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2025Review
- Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for disease modeling and drug discovery.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Can the Marketing Authorisation Holder system improve the ESG performance of pharmaceutical manufacturers?Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Novel candidate plasma proteins for the pathogenesis and treatment of atopic dermatitis revealed by proteome-wide association study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Review
- Does the impact of open innovation depend on contextual factors? A case of the Korean biopharmaceutical industry.PloS one · 2024Article
- Article
- Drug Repurposing for Cancers With Limited Survival: Protocol for a Retrospective Cohort Study.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Comparison of treatment effect between phase 2 and phase 3 trials in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.United European gastroenterology journal · 2023Review
- Business Risk Mitigation in the Development Process of New Monoclonal Antibody Drug Conjugates for Cancer Treatment.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Program management challenges of clinical studies: A qualitative critical assessment.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2023Article
- Translational research: from basic research to regional biomedical entrepreneurship.Small business economics · 2023Article
- NTD Health: an electronic medical record system for neglected tropical diseasesBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2022Article
- In Silico Methods for Identification of Potential Active Sites of Therapeutic Targets.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
New drugs serving unmet medical needs are one of the key value drivers of research-based pharmaceutical companies. The efficiency of research and development (R&D), defined as the successful approval and launch of new medicines (output) in the rate of the monetary investments required for R&D (input), has declined since decades. We aimed to identify, analyze and describe the factors that impact the R&D efficiency. Based on publicly available information, we reviewed the R&D models of major research-based pharmaceutical companies and analyzed the key challenges and success factors of a sustainable R&D output. We calculated that the R&D efficiencies of major research-based pharmaceutical companies were in the range of USD 3.2-32.3 billion (2006-2014). As these numbers challenge the model of an innovation-driven pharmaceutical industry, we analyzed the concepts that companies are following to increase their R&D efficiencies: (A) Activities to reduce portfolio and project risk, (B) activities to reduce R&D costs, and (C) activities to increase the innovation potential. While category A comprises measures such as portfolio management and licensing, measures grouped in category B are outsourcing and risk-sharing in late-stage development. Companies made diverse steps to increase their innovation potential and open innovation, exemplified by open source, innovation centers, or crowdsourcing, plays a key role in doing so. In conclusion, research-based pharmaceutical companies need to be aware of the key factors, which impact the rate of innovation, R&D cost and probability of success. Depending on their company strategy and their R&D set-up they can opt for one of the following open innovators: knowledge creator, knowledge integrator or knowledge leverager.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.