ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2016
In Situ Detection of Regulatory T Cells in Human Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) Reactivation and Their Influence on Spontaneous HSV-2 Reactivation.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pre-exposure prophylaxis differentially alters circulating and mucosal immune cell activation in herpes simplex virus type 2 seropositive women.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Trial
- Regulatory T cells restrain IL-15-mediated cytotoxic and bystander T cell activity in mucosal tissue without compromising antigen-driven memory.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Genital herpes shedding episodes associate with altered spatial organization and activation of mucosal immune cells.JCI insight · 2026Article
- NF-κB/OCT-1 Mediated Upregulation of CXCL14 Chemokine Mobilizes Mucosal Effector Memory CD44+CD62L-CD4+ and CD8+ TEM Cells, and NK Cells Associated with Protection Against Genital Herpes.Pathogens & immunity · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota and other factors associated with increased T cell regulation in HIV-exposed uninfected infants.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Recurrent infection transiently expands human tissue T cells while maintaining long-term homeostasis.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2023Article
- Mucosal viral infection induces a regulatory T cell activation phenotype distinct from tissue residency in mouse and human tissues.Mucosal immunology · 2022Article
- Role of T Regulatory Cells and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in COVID-19.Journal of immunology research · 2022Review
- The Contrasting Seasonality Patterns of Some Cancer-Types and Herpes Zoster Can Be Explained by a Binary Classification of Immunological Reactions.Journal of inflammation research · 2022Article
- Endocervical Regulatory T Cells Are Associated With Decreased Genital Inflammation and Lower HIV Target Cell Abundance.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Seroprevalences of autoantibodies and anti-infectious antibodies among Ghana's healthy population.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Mechanisms of Immune Control of Mucosal HSV Infection: A Guide to Rational Vaccine Design.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Increase in HSV shedding at initiation of antiretroviral therapy and decrease in shedding over time on antiretroviral therapy in HIV and HSV-2 infected persons.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Observational
- Herpes simplex virus-2 dynamics as a probe to measure the extremely rapid and spatially localized tissue-resident T-cell response.Immunological reviews · 2018Review
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11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHerpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) reactivation is accompanied by a sustained influx of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells that persist in genital tissue for extended periods. While CD4(+) T cells have long been recognized as being present in herpetic ulcerations, their role in subclinical reactivation and persistence is less well known, especially the role of CD4(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs).
methodsWe characterized the Treg (CD4(+)Foxp3(+)) population during human HSV-2 reactivation in situ in sequential genital skin biopsy specimens obtained from HSV-2-seropositive subjects at the time of lesion onset up to 8 weeks after healing.
resultsHigh numbers of Tregs infiltrated to the site of viral reactivation and persisted in proximity to conventional CD4(+) T cells (Tconvs) and CD8(+) T cells. Treg density peaked during the lesion stage of the reactivation. The number of Tregs from all time points (lesion, healed, 2 weeks after healing, 4 weeks after healing, and 8 weeks after healing) was significantly higher than in control biopsy specimens from unaffected skin. There was a direct correlation between HSV-2 titer and Treg density.
conclusionsThe association of a high Treg to Tconv ratio with high viral shedding suggests that the balance between regulatory and effector T cells influences human HSV-2 disease.
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